What are the four classes of pathogens? - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans- - normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while ________________________ can _________
_______- and cause disease - microor...
PCB 3233 Exam One UCF
What are the four classes of pathogens? - bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
Candida albicans- - normal inhabitant of the human body, thrush & systemic infections
protective/adaptive immunity takes time to develop while ________________________ can _________
_______- and cause disease - microorganisms can rapidly multiply
Immunity involves two responses: - 1. Flexible but specific defenses of the adaptive immune
response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
In adaptive = - B and T cells
(you MUST inheret something from your parents)
To make B and T cells you need - three segments of DNA that make a gene.
During vaccination we are given the strongest - primary adaptive immune response
-
microbes survive on ..... and release - -animal and plant products
-release digestive enzymes
microbes grow on - living tissues (extracellular) where they are bathed in nutrients
,Some microbes are ________ and even __________ (ex:_____________) - some are harmless and
helpful
ex: E. Coli
What is protecive immunity? - People who survive a specific infection become immune to it
To provide protective immunity, the immune system must first - engage the microorganism
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - around 7 days
True or false, the first infection is the most dangerous one - true
true or false, Disease is NOT prevented by prior exposure to an attenuated/killed infectious agent -
false
Who recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague could nurse the sick without
becoming sick again? - 430 BC- Thucydides
During the fifteenth century- Chinese and Turks used what to induce immunity? What is this called? -
dried crusts from smallpox pustules (inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the skin "variolation")
Immunology is the study of - physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body from
invasion by foreign or infectious agents
In response to diseases caused by infectious agents, the body develops cells dedicated to defense, these
form... - the immune system
Origins of immunology attributed to who? What did he discover? - -Edward Jenner
-Discovered in 1796 that cowpox "vaccinia" protected from human smallpox
, a pathogen is - Any organism with potential to cause disease
ex: Influenza and typhoid bacillus
Opportunistic pathogens cause disease if - the body's defenses are weakened or it gets into a part
of the body it isn't normally found.
Staphylococcus aureus- - gram positive bacterium that colonizes human skin, pimples & boils
Mycobacterium tuberculosis- - causes tuberculosis
Over _____ microbial species in the human gut (normal flora) This is called - -1000
-Commensal bacteria (eat at the same table. Not harmful)
What is first line of external defense against infection? - skin - it is a tough impenetrable barrier
If a disease shares the same _________ (like smallpox and cowpox) you can use one or the other to
create a vaccination - epitope
Mucosal surfaces are bathed in mucus; thick fluid containing ___________________,
____________________, and _____________________ - protective - glycoproteins,
proteoglycans, and enzymes
Lysozyme in tears (~ 40% of protein) and saliva is - - antibacterial
Why is Respiratory tract mucus continuously removed? - to clear unwanted material
Defensins do what - poke holes in the pathogen
Gram-positive bacteria - Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer
membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
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