Psych 115 Chapter 8 Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
PSYC 115
Institution
PSYC 115
Cognitive psychology the study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking, language, memory, and decision making
What does cognitive psychology study cogition
Cognition the mental activity that includes thinking and the understandings that result from thinking
What two ideas about thinki...
Psych 115 Chapter 8 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Cognitive psychology ✅the study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking,
language, memory, and decision making
What does cognitive psychology study ✅cogition
Cognition ✅the mental activity that includes thinking and the understandings that result
from thinking
What two ideas about thinking is cognitive psychology based on ✅1. Knowledge about
the world is stored in the brain in representations
2. Thinking is the mental manipulation of these representations
Thinking ✅the mental manipulation of representations of knowledge about the world
What are the two types of mental representations ✅analogical and symbolic
Analogical representations ✅mental representations that have the physical
characteristics of objects, they are analogous to the objects, representations are usually
images
Maps, clocks, drawings
Symbolic representations ✅abstract mental representations that do not correspond to
the physical features of objects or ideas
Words, numbers, ideas
Mental maps ✅rely on both symbolic and analogical representations
Categorization ✅grouping things based on shared properties, reduces the amount of
knowledge we must hold
Musical instruments
Concept ✅category or class of related items, consists of mental representations of
those items, organize representations around a common theme
How do people form concepts ✅prototype model
Exemplar model
, Explain how we classify objects and how they are represented in our minds
Prototype model ✅best example of a category
Apple is prototype of fruit
Exemplar model ✅no concept has a single best representation, all examples of
category form the concept
Dogs are all dogs
Schema ✅helps us perceive, organize, and process information
For example, at a casino blackjack table, it is appropriate to squeeze in between the
people already sitting down. If a stranger tried to squeeze into a group of people dining
together in a restaurant, however, the group's reaction would likely be quite negative.
Use because common situations have consistent rules, people have specific roles
within a situational context
Why are schemas bad ✅can reinforce sexist or racist beliefs or other stereotypes
Stereotypes ✅cognitive schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of information
about people based on their membership in certain groups
Script ✅a schema that directs behavior over time within a situation, dictate appropriate
behaviors and the sequence in which they are likely to occur, what is appropriate is
shaped by culture
Decision making ✅selecting the best alternative among several options, identify
important criteria
Problem solving ✅finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal, using available
information to reach a goal
Decision making process theories ✅normative theories
Descriptive theories
Normative decision theories ✅define how people should make decisions, people select
choice that leads to the largest gain
Problem: people are not always rational decision makers
Descriptive decision theories ✅predict how people actually make choices, not define
ideal choices
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