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Social Science Anthropology Biological Anthropology Anth012 Exam 1- Weeks 3 & 4 Powerpoints
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Social Science Anthropology Biological Anthropology Anth012 Exam 1- Weeks 3 & 4 Powerpoints
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STUVIA 2024/20251. Social Science
2. Anthropology
3. Biological Anthropology
Anth012 Exam 1- Weeks 3 & 4 Powerpoints
Hypotheses
are falsifiable
Taphonomy
anaerobic conditions
Brainpower
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19th Century Europe
Organisms are varied; Some traits must be hereditary
Gregor Mendel
19th century scientist and friar from Moravia (contemporary Czech Republic)
Pea plants (Pisum sativum)
grew quickly so Mendel could observe many generations in a short time; easy to grow; easy to control
pollination; can be self-pollinated; exhibited a range of binary traits
Traits studied by Mendel of Pea Plants
%
Plant height, pod shape, unripe pod color, seed shape, seed interior color, seed coat tint, flower
location
blended inheritance, False
If ___________ ___________ is true then the offspring of a wrinkled seed plant and a round seed
plant should be sort of wrinkled and sort of round. True or False?
False
If all offspring exhibit dominant traits, then whenever one parent is a round seed plant, all offspring
should have round seeds. True or False?
3:1
What is the ratio of two wrinkled-round seed cross? (smooth:wrinkled)
Phenotype
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism (aa, Aa, AA)
evolutionary synthesis
The reconciliation of Darwin's theory with the findings of modern genetics, which gave rise to a theory
that emphasized the coaction of random mutation, selection, genetic drift, and gene flow; also called
the modern synthesis.
Genes
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Functional units of chromosomes in cell nuclei and in mitochondria controlling the coding and
inheritance of phenotypic traits
DNA, RNA
Genes are a sequence of _____ or _____
RNA
Composed of a chain of nucleotides, usually a single-stranded, folded back on itself; contains
biological information
DNA
composed of a chain of nucleotides; double-stranded; contains biological information
proteins
Genes are the code for the production of ________ or functional RNA
nucleus and mitochondria of cells
Where is DNA located
genome
An organism's complete set of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA constitutes its __________
DNA Transcription Unzipping
The enzyme RNA polymerase unzips the two strands of the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen
bonds between nucleotides
DNA Transcription Nuceoltides added
RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the nucleotides of the template
%
DNA strand.
DNA Transcription RNA backbone created
RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms to complete the new RNA strand
DNA Transcription Hydrogen bonds break
Hydrogen bonds between the new RNA strand and the template DNA strand break free, releasing the
new RNA strand.
DNA Transcription final step
New RNA strands may need further processing (like splicing), may be functional immediately, or may
go on to the translation process in a ribosome of a cell.
DNA Transcription step order
UNRHF
Unzipping
Nucleotides added
RNA backbone created
Hydrogen bonds break
Final step- Further processing, good as is, or ribosome translation
Gene Expression
transcription and translation
Translation
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