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ANT2511 Exam 3 Zavodny Review Questions &Exam (elaborations) answers 100% satisfaction guarantee
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STUVIA 2024/2025ANT2511 Exam 3 Zavodny Review
- Bipedalism more efficient way to cover long distances
- Requires less calories than quadrupedalism
- Supplies, tools, babies can be carried
- Allowed hominins to expand their range and increase their food options outside of forests -
✔✔Patchy forest hypothesis (Rodman & McHenry)
- Freed hands for carrying objects, food, and tools - Bipedal individuals could provide more resources
for potential mates (reproductive success)
- Less competition for mates
- Reduced canine size
- Pair-bonding, monogamy, cooperation... - ✔✔Provisioning hypothesis (Lovejoy)
- Hole at the base of the skull where the spinal cord connects to the brain - ✔✔Foramen Magnum
- Hominins evolved in Africa
- Hunting meat = tool use
- Tool use = large brain
%
- Tool use = small canine
- Tool use = free hands
- Free hands = bipedalism - ✔✔Hunting hypothesis (Darwin)
- length of the leg
- valgus knee
- nonopposable big toe - ✔✔Which of the following features are associated with bipedalism as seen
in humans?
- Position of the foramen magnum centered beneath the skull *balances head on spine*
- S Shape Spinal Canal
- Bowl Shaped Pelvis *helps support internal organs*
-Bicondylar Angle *knock kneed*
- Big toe in line with other toes - ✔✔Evidence for habitual bipedalism
- Reduces heat stress and sun exposure
- Frees the hands
- Efficiency of movement
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, STUVIA 2024/2025
- Allowed hominins to expand their range and increase their food options outside of forests -
✔✔Evolutionary Advantages of bipedalism
- visibility to predators
- slow running
- climbing more difficult
- injury to leg devastating
- other health problems - ✔✔Evolutionary Disadvantages of bipedalism
-Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia, Africa
-5.8-5.2 MYA
Woodland/Grassland Enviornment
Perihoning Complex
Possibly Bipedal
Similar size to chimpanzee
11 specimens from at least 5 individuals
1st - ✔✔Ardipithecus Kadabba
* angled femurs
* wider pelvis
%
* centered foramen magnum
* big toes realigned
* S-shaped spine - ✔✔Evidence of Habitual Bipedalism
~3 yrs old at death
- Tooth eruption pattern
- CT-scans shows small canine teeth forming in the skull
- Suggests this individual was female
- Brain size 300 cc
- 75% of expected 400 cc as an adult
- Suggests slower brain maturation more similar to human pattern
- Still faster growth and development than modern humans - ✔✔Selam
*Australopithecus afarensis*
15,000 - ✔✔When did the first Homo sapiens arrive in North America?
1924; South Africa
- Au. Africanus
- Killed by eagle - ✔✔Taung Child
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