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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 (Jenna Scott FSU) Questions and Answers
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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 (Jenna Scott FSU) Questions and Answers
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FAD 3220 EXAM 1 (Jenna Scott FSU)Questions and Answers
lifespan development - Answer -the field of study that examines patterns of growth,
change & stability in behavior that occur thru entire lifespan
what are the four major topical areas? - Answer -physical, cognitive, personality & social
dev.
ethnicity - Answer -religion, lang & culture
race - Answer -biological concept, physical & structural
critical period - Answer -time during dev. when an event has its greatest consquences &
the presence of certain kinds of environmetal stimuli are necessary for development to
proceed normally
sensitive period - Answer -point in dev when organisms are suseptible to certain kinds
of stimuli around them but absence doesnt always cause irreversible effects
nature - Answer -traits, abilities & capacities are are inherited from ones parents
nurture - Answer -environmental influences that shape behavior, can be biological,
social or societal
cohort - Answer -group of people born around the same time in the same place
history-graded influences - Answer -biological & environmental influences associated w
a particular historical moment
continuous change - Answer -development is gradual w/ achievements @ one level
building on those of previous levels
discontinous change - Answer -development occurring in distinct stages, each stage
brings about behavior thats different from the previous
theory - Answer -broad explanations and predictions ab phenomena of interest
,what are the 6 major theoretical perspectives used? - Answer -psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, contextual & evolutionary
psychodynamic perspec - Answer -states behavior is motivated by inner forces,
memories & conflicts that are generally beyond ppl's awareness/control
freud's psychoanalytic theory - Answer -unconscious forces act to determine personality
& behavior
id - Answer -raw unorganized part of personality present @ birth, represents primitive
drivers; operates according to pleasure principle
ego - Answer -rational & reasonable, operates on reality principle
superego - Answer -persons conscious, distincts from right & wrong
freud's psychosexual developement - Answer -stages that children pass thru where
pleasure & gratification is focused on a particular biological function & body part
stages in psychosexual dev - Answer -oral, anal, phallic/genitals
erikson's psychosocial theory - Answer -dev. that includes changes in the
understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society
8 stages of psychosocial - Answer -1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs inferiority
5. identity vs role diffusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generavity vs isolation
8. ego-integrity vs despair
behavioral perspective - Answer -suggests that the keys to understanding development
are observable behavior & environmental stimuli
what does behavioralists reflect is more important in development? - Answer -nurture
over nature
what notion do behavioralists reject? and believe? - Answer -that people universally
pass thru series of stages HOWEVER people are affected by the environment stimuli
that they're exposed to
what do behavioralists believe behavior is a result of? - Answer -continuing exposure to
factors in the environment
, what did john B watson believe? - Answer -by conditioning a persons environment you
could produce any behavior
classical conditioning - Answer -when a person learns to respond in a particular way to
a neutral sitmulus
operant conditioning (BF Skinner) - Answer -form of learning where a voluntary
response is strengthened/weakened by its associated w pos or neg consequences
behavior modification - Answer -technique for promoting the frequency of desirable
behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
alburt bandura's social cognitive learning theory - Answer -emphasizes learning by
observing the behavior of another person (model)
cognitive perspective - Answer -approach that focuses on the processes that allow
people to know, understand & think about the world
what did jean piaget propose? - Answer -all ppl pass thru fixed sequence of universal
stages of cognitive development
schemes - Answer -organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions in
which human thinking is arranged into
assimilation - Answer -process where ppl understand a new exp in terms of their current
stage of cognitive dev & existing ways of thinking
accommodation - Answer -changes in existing ways of thinking in response to
encounters w new stimuli or events
information-processing approaches - Answer -the models that seeks to identify the ways
pp l take in, use & store info; assume complex behaviors can be broken down into a
series of individual specific steps
neo-piagetian theory - Answer -cognitive dev proceeds quickly in certain areas & more
slowly in others; exp plays greater roles in cognition
cognitive neuroscience approaches - Answer -examines cognitive dev thru the lens of
brain processes
humanistic perspective - Answer -ppl have a natural capacity to make decisions about
their lives & control their behavior
free will - Answer -ability of humans to make choices & comes to decisions about their
lives
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