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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
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COMD 5070 EXAM 1 QUESTIONSThe benefits of knowing acoustics & using acoustic measures
1. Overcome listener bias
2. Describe severity objectively
3. Tracking progress overtime
4. Provide biofeedback
The nature of science
- the scientific method
1. Empirical
- based on data
2. Deterministic
- obeys physical laws
3. Predictive
- if you do this, then that will happen
4. Parsimonious
- uses the simplest explanation possible
Reasons for using technology in clinical practice
1. Overcome listener bias
2. Use objective terms & measures to describe the severity of speech
3. Tracking progress ( to show its made a difference, asha focuses on evidance based
practice)
4. Providing biofeedback
- show person on a display how they are doing, which helps them understand
How sound travels
1. It originates with vibrations (back/forth)
2. If the vibrations are surrounded by air, it becomes the medium through which sound
will travel.
3. Air is composed of many molecules that are flexible & connected to one another
4. When vibrations occur, it moves the closest air molecules to it which pull/tug the air
molcules next to it and then so on
5. So then vibrations travel through the air as a pattern of energy transfer
* sound needs a medium to travel through *
- it can be metal, underwater
Simple vs complex sound waves
Sine wave (simple)
- a pure tone
,- when the wave travels through the air the air molecules move back & forth in a
repetitive regular fashion.
- wave is at a constant rate & they travel an equal distance each time. (regular &
predictable pattern)
complex waves
- has many frequencies
- periodic sounds: a harmonic series
- fundamental frequency (f0) often strongest
- harmonics are integer multiples
- perceived pitch follows fundamental
- auditory system responds to all frequencies
Air molecule movement for sound
- vibrations will travel through air as the molecules move back & forth
-air molecules moves right left & right multiple times in a vibrating pattern
- the molecule next to the item that made the sound is not the one going all the way into
the speakers ear.
- molecules push/pull their neighboring air molecules
- the vibration then travels, (because its carried on through the molecules) not the
molecules themselves as they return back to their original home and vibrate around
their home position
Human hearing frequency range
20-20,000 hz
( 1khz= 1,000hz)
- so 20,000hz = 20khz
Frequency to period
1/ frequency in hz
- amount of time it takes for 1 full oscillation to occur
( going from displacement - away from resting position - beyond resting position- to
, negative side - & back to rest)
- opposite of frequency
Period to frequency
1/periods in seconds
- how often the air molecules vibrate
- how often the molecules leave & return back home
- measured in hz (hertz)
- 1 hz means 1 osscilation or 1 vibration per second
- higher frequency, higher pitch
Wavelength
- the distance or length from one peak to the next peak (or valley) in a series of
oscillations
- doesnt matter what is measured as long as it is measured at the same point on each
cycle
- lower pitch = longer wave length &
- high pitch- shorter wave length
* wavelength and frequency are predictable & connected to one another
- important in understanding resonance
- wavelength = speed of sound/freuqncy
Wave phase
- the degrees in the wave
- the amplitude level or base line is 0 degrees.
- sine waves have 360 degree waves
- does not have any perceptual relevance
- very important in combing sine waves.
- waves can add up and waves can cancel each other out
Constructive interference (acoustic interference)
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