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NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
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Course
NURS 611
Institution
NURS 611
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A...
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST
BANK 20232024 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
What is Apoptosis? - answer-A programmed cell death
What is necrosis? - answer-Death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury,
or failure of the blood supply.
Characteristics of tissue necrosis - answer-1) Rapid loss of of the plasma membrane structure
2) Organelle swelling
3) Mitochondrial dysfunction
Hypoxia - answer-What is the #1 major cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis. (especially the kidney
and heart)
What is hypertrophy? - answer-Is an increase in the size of cells
Physiologic hypertrophy - answer-Hypertrophy of myocardial cells such as in endurance training
Pathologic hypertrophy - answer-Occurs secondary to HTN
What is Hyperplasia - answer-Increase in the number of cells
Compensatory hyperplasia - answer-Removal of 70% of the liver- can regenerate in about 2 weeks
,What is Metaplasia - answer-Replacement of cells
Example of Metaplasia - answer-Normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the brohchial lining have
been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the ATP levels have on cells? - answer-Reduction in ATP
levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail,
which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out of
the cell. Sodium and water then can enter the cell freely, and cellular swelling results.
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? - answer-These
reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular alterations
associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, and chronic
heart failure.
What are free radicals? - answer-Electrically uncharged atom or group of atoms having an unpaired
electron.
How are free radicals formed? - answer-Having one unpaired electron makes the molecule unstable;
thus to stabilize, it gives up an electron to another molecule or steals one.
Free radical species - answer-Are capable of injurious chemical bond formation with proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates - key molecules in membranes and nucleic acids.
What are the Lysosomes? - answer-Enzymatic digestion of cellular organelles, including the nucleus and
nucleolus, halting synthesis of DNA and RNA
What are peroxisomes? - answer-membrane-bound organelles in most Eukaryotic cells, primarily
involved in lipid metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide
into safer molecules like water and oxygen
How does the body metabolize Ethanol - answer-Liver enzymes metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde
which causes hepatic cellular dysfunction. Peroxisomes help detoxify ethanol.
, Which cell component is the most vulnerable target of radiation? - answer-DNA
What is Sarcopenia - answer-Muscular atrophy
What are some example of aging of cell/tissues - answer-- Increased peripheral vascular resistance
- Decreased production of HCL and delayed emptying of the stomach
- Decreased immune response
What are indications of dehydration? - answer-Headache, thirst, dry skin, and mucous membranes,
elevated temperature, weight loss, and decreased or concentrated urine. Skin turgor may be normal or
decreased. S/sx of hypovolemia, including tachycardia, weak pulses, dizziness, and postural hypotension.
Oncotic pressure - answer-A form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood
vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system.
What activates osmoreceptors? - answer-An increase in osmotic pressure of the plasma
Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of what? - answer-A reduction in plasma oncotic pressure
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - answer-Produced by the myocardial atria
Brain natriuretic peptide - answer-Produced by the myocardial ventricles
What are the antagonists of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) - answer-Natriuretic
Peptides: ANP, BNP, and urodilation with the kidney
What are the effects of natriuretic peptides? - answer-Decrease blood pressure and increase sodium
and water excretion.
What is the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)? - answer-Is a hormone system that
regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
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