Learning - a relatively enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience
Non-associative learning - responding after repeated exposure to a single stimulus or
event
Associative learning - linking two stimuli, or events, that occur together
Modeling - imitating a behavior seen in others
Mirror neurons: - neurons in the brain that are activated when one observes another
individual engage in an action and performs a similar action
Observational learning - acquiring or changing a behavior after exposure to another
individual performing that behavior
Positive reinforcement: - stimulus is presented after a behavior
Negative reinforcement - an aversive stimulus is removed or postponed after a behavior
Negative punishment: - response cost
Habituation - when our behavioral response to a stimulus decreases, type of non-
associative learning
Sensitization - when our behavioral response to a stimulus increases
Unconditioned response: - a response that does not have to be learned, such as a
reflex
Unconditioned stimulus - a stimulus that elicit a response, such as a reflex, without any
prior learning
Conditioned response: - a response to a conditioned stimulus; a response that has been
learned
Conditioned stimulus - a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken
place
Acquisition - the gradual formation of an association between the conditioned and
unconditioned stimuli
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