(Assessment & Diagnosis) - designed to help the client gain a perspective on how they behave
Self-knowledge
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Used to help client learn how to make better decisions and to take
responsibility for their own actions
Value judgment
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - carefully considering accumulated data to ensure that it is complete and
accurate in order to make an interpretation or inference
Decision making
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - process in which the collected data has been weighed against possible
consequences and test results
Nonstandard Procedures
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Observations of client behaviors and performance
3 levels of behavior observations
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - 1st Level = casual informational observations; watching the client in
unstructured activities throughout the day
2nd Level = guided observation; intentional direct observation with a checklist/rating scale to evaluate
performance or bx seen
3rd Level = clinical level; observation is done in a controlled setting for a lengthy period of time
Actuarial/Statistical Prediction
,(Assessment & Diagnosis) - based on empirically validated data incorporating regressive or multiple
regressive equations
Clinical Predictions
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Based on intuition and experience of observing clincian
Guidelines for assessing culturally diverse populations
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - 1. clarify purpose of evaluation
2. be sensitive to test material that unfairly discriminates
3. use alternative method of assessment that is more appropriate
4. familiarize yourself to the norms/values of the examinee's culture
5. establish rapport or call on another clinician if rapport is not established
Spearman intelligence
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Proposed general intelligence factor (g) and any number of specific
intelligence factors (s) unique to a task
Horn and Cattell
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - adjusted Spearman model by dividing (g) into Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)
and Fluid Intelligence (Gf)
Crystallized Intelligence = knowledge and skills acquired thru education & experience; continues to
increase throughout life
Fluid Intelligence = ability to solve new problems; peaks in adolescence and declines thereafter
Sternberg intelligence theory
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Successful intelligence is composed of analytical, practical, and creative
elements; argued that standardized test focus almost exclusively on analytical elements
,Gardner multiple intelligence theory
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - Proposed 8 kinds of intelligence:
1. linguistic
2. musical
3. logical-mathmatical
4. spatial
5. bodily-kinesthetic
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalistic
Seattle Longitudinal Study (Schaie et al.)
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - - 7 yr intervals from 1956-2005
- no uniform pattern of age-related changes across all intellectual abilities, except for maybe perceptual
speed
Effects of Heredity on Intelligence
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - - individuals w/genetic similarity have similar levels of intelligence
- 32-64% of variability in intelligence comes from genetic factors
Effects of Environment on Intelligence
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - - SES is consistently linked to performance on intelligence tests
- Flynn Effect = gradual increase in IQ scores that occur in industrialized nations
- males perform better on spatial and quantitative ability
, - males more likely to be at extreme ends of score distribution for every type of intelligence
Effects of Race on Intelligence
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - - Whites outperform African Americans on Stanford-Binet, Wechsler, and
other IQ tests by about 1 SD
> this is diminishing
- Slope bias = predictor is more accurate for one group than for another
- Intercept bias = predictor consistently over-predicts or under-predicts performance for a particular
group
Standardized test
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - questions and responses from all tests can be compared w/one another.
Every aspect of the test must remain consistent
Behavioral Assessment
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - individual can be evaluated in relation to their environment.
SORC = stimulus, organism, response, and consequences
Dynamic Assessment
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - systematic deviation from the standardized test for the purpose of
determining whether the individual benefits from aid. Involves "testing the limits" in which an examinee
is provided w/a sequence of extra clues
Domain-Referenced Testing
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - breaks assessment into specific domains of ability (i.e. math ability or
reading)
Diagnostic Checklists
(Assessment & Diagnosis) - used to check off bx or performance levels with plus or minus to indicate
that hte bx was observed or absent
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