genotype - the two alleles inherited for a particular gene; the genetic make up of a trait; the "genes"
phenotype - an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type; "Physical" traits
dominant - the allele in a genotype that masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus on a
chromosome
recessive - the allele in a genotype that is frequently masked by a second allele at the same locus on a
chromosome
homozygous - description of a genotype of an individual who has two of the same allele, whether
dominant or recessive
heterozygous - description of a genotype of an individual who has two different alleles, one dominant
and the other recessive
Law of Segregation - the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of
gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor separate so that offspring acquire one factor from
each parent
Law of Independent Assortment - the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that when two or
more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors line up independently during gamete
production, giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together
complete or simple dominance - type of dominance that occurs when an inherited trait is coded for by a
single gene and that gene has two versions, or alleles: the dominant version and the recessive version,
where the dominant version masks the recessive version
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