BSNS 112 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTRY ANALYZED
ANSWERS (ACTUAL EXAM) ALREADY
GRADED A+ LATEST 2024 – 2025
A sample - ANSWERS-- a position of the population selected for analysis
A parameter - ANSWERS-summary measure that describes a characteristic of the
population
A statistic - ANSWERS-a summary measure computer that describes a
characteristic of a sample
What does qualitative data use? - ANSWERS-Proportions
What is ordinal data? - ANSWERS-Qualitative. Conveys a ranking
,What is nominal data? - ANSWERS-Qualitative. Uses labels (no ranking)
What does quantitative data use? - ANSWERS-means
What is discrete data? - ANSWERS-Quantitative. Measured in specific values
What is continuous data? - ANSWERS-Quantitative. Measure in infinite values
confidence interval for one proportion - ANSWERS-q-hat = (1-p-hat)
hypothesis test for one proportion - ANSWERS-
Confidence interval for the difference in two proportions - ANSWERS-
sample size for estimating mean - ANSWERS-E = B (on formula sheet)
standard normal transformation formula - ANSWERS-calculating when Z is
unknown (or x or sd but most likely z)
right skewed distribution - ANSWERS-mean > median, also known as a positive
skew
,left skewed distribution - ANSWERS-mean < median, also known as a negative
skew
90% confidence interval - ANSWERS-1.645
95% confidence interval - ANSWERS-1.96
99% confidence interval - ANSWERS-2.575
90% confidence interval of the proportion of all market goers who are students
would be: - ANSWERS-Narrower than the 95% confidence interval
When do you reject the null hypothesis? - ANSWERS-When the p value is less than
0.05 (p-value low, reject that SHO!!!) 5% level of significance
What does the t-value represent? - ANSWERS-the sample means is (x) amount
standard errors more/less (depending if it is positive or minus) than the
hypothesised mean
What is a type one error? - ANSWERS-Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
What is a type two error? - ANSWERS-failing to reject a false null hypothesis
, p-value - ANSWERS--is calculated based on the assumption that the null
hypothesis is true
-the p-value is sample specific, meaning if you collected another random sample
of the same size from the same population, the p-value would likely be different.
Stratifed random sample - ANSWERS-For the same sample size, parameter
estimates are usually more accurate than for simple random sampling
Categorical variables (qualitative variables) - ANSWERS-those that divide subjects
into groups, but do not allow any sort of mathematical operations to be
performed on the data
nominal variables - ANSWERS-variables measured in monetary units....currency
Data quality and feature selection - ANSWERS-
input variable - ANSWERS-xi
- explanatory variable (independent) variables these are also called features
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