Descartes- brain consisted of continuous network of fused cells _____ correct answers ('reticulum')
Galvani and others, scientists began believing that the nervous 'reticulum' operated using ____ signals. correct answers electrical
Camillo Golgi developed a stain for neural tissue (now called...
BIO 334 Lecture 3 || with Error-free Solutions.
Descartes- brain consisted of continuous network of fused cells _____ correct answers
('reticulum')
Galvani and others, scientists began believing that the nervous 'reticulum' operated using ____
signals. correct answers electrical
Camillo Golgi developed a stain for neural tissue (now called the Golgi stain) that revealed ___
correct answers individual neurons or groups of neurons
What did Golgi's stain show? correct answers continuous interconnected reticulum of neurons
Note that many neurons in the mammalian brain communicate via ___ correct answers gap
junctions
Cajal's "neuron doctrine" correct answers neurons are separate cells that must communicate in
some way at contact points
not confirmed until 1950s with the advent of electron microscopy
The brain is made of two types of cells: __ and __. correct answers neurons; glia
Neurons (function compared to glia) correct answers - carry out most of the information
processing in the nervous system
- Enormous diversity of structure and function
Glia correct answers Traditionally thought of as 'support cells' that carry out roles such as
maintaining homeostasis of extracellular space in the brain, insulating neurons, and providing
both structural and nutrient support to neurons
Now known to play many key roles
Structure of neuron correct answers Cell body- where the nucleus is located
Neurites- thin processes that radiate out from the soma.
Two types of neurites: dendrites and axons
In general, __ receive incoming signals
from other neurons, and __ carry output signals to other neurons (although there are exceptions
to both rules) correct answers dendrites; axons
In general, a neuronal cell body gives rise to many __, but only a single __ (that may branch
extensively) correct answers dendrites; axon
the plasma membrane (___) is the cell surface membrane that separates the intracellular space
from the extracellular space correct answers neurolemma
, The cell body contains an aqueous cytosol (a potassium-rich salt solution) and membrane-bound
organelles: correct answers Mitochondria
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Brain is energy intensive!
The brain is approximately __ of body mass, but consumes approximately __ of the body's
energy, regardless of the body's activity level. correct answers 2%; 20%
neurons almost exclusively use __ to make ATP correct answers glucose
Mature neurons are __ differentiated correct answers terminally
neurons are no different from other cells, but neurons transcribe a special set of genes to yield __
sets of neuronal proteins. Most of these brain-specific genes are involved in electrical signaling
and synaptic transmission. correct answers unique
Messenger RNAs that encode soluble cytosolic proteins are translated on __ ribosomes that are
not associated with the ER. correct answers free
Messenger RNAs that encode membrane bound proteins are translated on ribosomes bound to
the __. correct answers ER ('rough ER')
Nissl staining methods stains ___ correct answers ribosomal RNA because of the abundant
amounts of rough ER in cell bodies
__ targets the proteins for different regions of the neuron, e.g., dendrites, axons, or synaptic
terminals. correct answers Vesicle composition
Three types of scaffolding structures in neurons are: correct answers microtubules: polymers of
the tubulin protein, together with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs).
microfilaments: two intertwined polymer strands of the actin protein.
neurofilaments: consist primarily of proteins from the cytokeratin family (intermediate filament
family).
Microtubules function correct answers axon elongation
provide the 'skeleton' for mature neurons.
Actin filaments correct answers enables neurons to send out filopodia (polymerization) to
'investigate' the environment and to withdraw the filopodia (depolymerization).
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