Unit 1 AP Psychology (Scientific Foundations of
Psychology)
(Freudian Psychology) The premise of psychoanalysis is that mental disorders result
from conflicts of the unconscious mind. It was a method of explaining and treating
mental and emotional disorders by having the patient talk freely about himself or
herself and especially about dreams, problems, and early childhood memories and
experiences (nurture)
a bar graph depicting a frequency distribution - ✔✔histogram
a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who
often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy - ✔✔psychiatry
%
a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to
school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being. For example, they can
help a student with social or academic struggles. They could even help an individual
with marital issues. - ✔✔counseling psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments
and how social institutions affect individuals and groups - ✔✔community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence
behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders. How
behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. - ✔✔psychodynamic
psychology
a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including
neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes. How much our
genes and our environment influence our individual differences.
a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological
disorders - ✔✔clinical psychology
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score - ✔✔standard
deviations
a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an
experiment. - ✔✔confounding variable
a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample - ✔✔sampling
bias
A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The
slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.
The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation - ✔✔scatter plot
%
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either
factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of
the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1
CORRELATION DOES NOT IMPLY CAUSATION - ✔✔correlation
a representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value -
✔✔skewed distribution
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors
(independent variables) to observe the effects on some behavior or mental process
(the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims
to control other relevant variable - ✔✔experiment
A research method that studies the same participants multiple times over a period of
time - ✔✔longitudinal studies
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