HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide;
Questions & Answers 100% Correct
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) Answer-Dendritic cells, macrophages, and
mast cells
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) Answer-Monocytes and
neutrophils
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) Answer-Macrophages and neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? Answer-Neutrophils are short lived
and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat
apoptotic cells and waste
General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) Answer-
Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that
interact with blood vessel endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into
tissue
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? Answer-Mast
cell
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls?
Answer-Adhesion molecules
, HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide;
Questions & Answers 100% Correct
E-Selectin Answer-An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes
in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand Answer-A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them
stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
ICAM-1 Answer-An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood
vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction)
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) Answer-A class of adhesion molecules
expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during
the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest Answer-When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the
endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue
Pus Answer-Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory
response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview Answer-Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and
arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an
inflammatory response
, HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide;
Questions & Answers 100% Correct
Psoriasis risk factors Answer-History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative
with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis Answer-A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that
recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial cells to produce
thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) Answer-Target the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha
and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent
TNF-alpha from acting directly on epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules Answer-Susceptibility
to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
Most abundant leukocyte Answer-Neutrophils
What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? Answer-
Extracellular bacterial infections
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell Answer-A type of sentinel cell that detects viruses and
releases type 1 interferons
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