reduction
~ Gain of electrons by an atom or molecule with a concurrant storage of energy: in
biological systems, the electrons are accompanied by hydrogen ions
ribozyme
~ RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions
substrate
~ reactant in a reaction controlled by an enzyme
vitam...
✓~ region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the
reaction occurs
ADP
✓~ Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group
and become ATP
allosteric site
✓~ site on an allosteric enzyme that binds an effector molecule; binding alters the
activity of the enzyme
ATP
, ✓~ nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP in ADP+P makes
energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells
ATP synthase complex
✓~ complex of proteins in the cristae of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane of
chloroplast that produces ATP as hydrogen flows down a concentration gradient
chemical energy
✓~ energy associated with the interaction of atoms in a molecule
chemiosmosis
✓~ process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts use the energy of an electron
transport chain to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation
coenzyme
✓~ nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is
loosely bound
cofactor
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