Bio 206 Final Exam | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
Interference Competition - The direct interference of accessing resources, does not
have to do with limited resources. (Ex. Vines overgrowing trees limiting sunlight)
Exploitative Competition - The indirect interference of a limited resource, two species
sharing the same resource (food). Can lower growth rates and lead to extinction. Only
applied when limited resource.
Amensalism - When one species has a negative effect on another species but the
harmed species has no effect on the powerful species
*** KEY IDEA*** if there is competition due to the same thing one will be better at
reproducing and more efficient at feeding and will overtake the other species***
Character Displacement - Evolutionary change in a species TRAITS that enables niche
differentiation
niche differentiation - an evolutionary change in resource use, caused by competition
competitive exclusion - theory that states that no two species cannot occupy the same
niche at the same time. One species will eventually be better at using resources to
reproduce = higher fitness.
Assymetry - Two species that use the same resources, the more they use the same
resources the stronger the negative effect on their fitness
Do predators drive prey entict? - Vary rarely due to defense mechanisms and a
predators need to find other sources of food when a prey population depletes.
constitutive defenses - defensive traits by plants or prey that are always on even when
there are no herbivores or predators
inducible defenses - physical, chemical, or behavioral defensive traits that are induced
in the prey in response to the presence of a predator, not always on due to the expense
of resources and energy that are limited
Coevolution - the reciprocal influence of closely associated species on each other in
their evolution. One positive fitness and traits determines the species natural selection
Paratism - an brood organism or species that lives in at at another host and imposes
costs on them (brood species doesn't belong
, specialist parasites - species that target a certain species in order to mimic their eggs in
hopes the host species will raise it. Host species are good at detecting imposter but
broof species good at mimicry.
Generalist parasites - lay eggs or place themselves where ever they want without any
particular motive, have no mimicry or specialized egg.
Interspecific mutualism - mutual benefits between two species where the benefits MUST
out way the costs
Inclusive fitness - =direct + indirect fitness
Indirect fitness - the reproductive success of relatives due to your own actions
Direct fitness - Your own reproductive success over your lifetime
Hamilton's Rule - self behave exists when (benefit of recipient + coefficient relatedness
> cost to donor)
Kin selection - Natural selection that favors alleles that increase the reproductive
success or relatives (indirect fitness)
Reciprocity - The idea that cooperative or altruistic behavior is favored due to possible
future mutual interactions. (you must give to get)
Commensalism - a relationship between two individuals where one species is
benefitting and the other is unaffected
Community - association of interacting species inhabiting a given area, limited by
boundaries or capability
Community Structure - The species that are present, their abundance, distribution and
interactions
Gini Simpson Index - probability that two randomly selected individuals in the
community do not belong to the same species
species richness - the number of species in a community
keystone species - A species that exhibits a large impact on the community even
though their abundance is small. Have an unproportional effect.
Trophioc levels - the level of the food chain where a species stands 1. carnivores 2.
herbivores. 3. plants
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