Total amount of sodium in the body - Responsible for ECF volume
Total amount of water in the body - responsible for extracellular sodium concentration
ADH secretion - initiated by a change in plasma osmolality or decreases circulating
blood volume/blood pressure
Osmoreceptors - changes in plasma osmolality stimulate these in the hypothalamus
Serum osmolality is calculated as: - 2 x (sodium concentration) + (glucose
concentration/18) + (BUN/2.8)
osmolality - deterred by the total solute concentration in a fluid compartment
tonicity - ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to generate an osmotic deriving
force that causes water movement form one compartment to another
effective osmoles - solutes capable of changing the tonicity; e.g. sodium, glucose,
mannitol and sorbitol
ineffective osmoles - urea
normal body fluid osmolality - 280-294 mOsm/kg
hypertonic - volume depletion or volume excess with increased osmolality
Fluid Volume Deficit - Hypovolemia, water deprivation - confusion, coma, inability to
communicate, loss of thirst, water loss - diarrhea, diabetes insipid, excessive diuresis.
treatment for hypovolemia - give water/stop fluid loss, give slowly, If IV dextrose 5% in
water.
fluid volume excess - hypervolemia, due to compulsive water drinking, renal failure,
congestive heart fails, cirrhosis
clinical manifestations of hypervolemia - cerebral edema with confusions and
convulsions, weakness, nausea, muscle twitching, headache and weight gain
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VasilyKichigin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
