BIOL 252 Exam 1 Test Questions and Correct Answers
2 views 0 purchase
Course
BIO 252
Institution
BIO 252
CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and determines if and how the body should respond by issuing commands to muscle and gland cells
PNS a subdivision of the nervous system that is composed of all nerves and ganglia; divided into sensory and motor divisions
Sensory (af...
BIOL 252 Exam 1 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
CNS ✅consists of the brain and spinal cord; processes information and determines if
and how the body should respond by issuing commands to muscle and gland cells
PNS ✅a subdivision of the nervous system that is composed of all nerves and ganglia;
divided into sensory and motor divisions
Sensory (afferent) ✅specialized neurons that detect stimulus (light, heat, pressure,
and chemicals) and transmit information about them to the CNS
Motor (efferent) ✅neurons that send signals mainly to effectors in muscles and glands;
move away from the CNS
Somatic ✅the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's
skeletal muscles
Autonomic ✅a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system; controls involuntary
activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands
Axon ✅also referred to as a nerve fiber, it is the fibrous extension of a neuron that fires
an action potential; each neuron only has one and it is usually longer and less branched
than dendrites
Dendrites ✅extensions of the neuron that receive information from the environment or
other cells and transfers it to the soma; the amount vary by neuron but they are
generally shorter and more branched
Cell body (soma) ✅control center of the neuron with a centrally located nucleus with a
large nucleolus
Trigger zone ✅also know as the axon hillock, it is a mound from which the axon
originates
Tract ✅bundles of axons that carry signals from level of the CNS to another
Nerve ✅a cordlike organ composed of multiple nerve fibers ensheathed in connective
tissue; analogous to an electric cable
, Neuroglia ✅refers to all the cells of the nervous tissue except the neurons; perform
protective or supportive roles for neurons
Astrocyte ✅most abundant glial cells that have a branched, star-like shaped; their
functions include: supportive framework for nervous tissue, have extensions that form
the blood-brain barrier, monitor neuron activity and regulate blood flow, secrete nerve
growth factors, communicate electrically with neurons, regulate the composition of
tissue fluid, and form hardened scar tissue and fill space occupied by the neurons
Microglia ✅small macrophages that develop from white blood cells that probe the
tissue for cellular debris or other issues; become concentrated in areas damaged by
infection, trauma, or stroke
Oligodendrocyte ✅resemble an octopus and forms the myelin sheath
Ependymal cell ✅resemble cuboidal epithelium lining the internal cavities of the brain
and spinal cord that produce CSF
Schwann cell ✅envelop nerve fibers in the PNS and form the myelin sheath
Leak channel ✅an ion channel that is constitutively open, allowing the movement of
the ion across the plasma membrane according to its concentration gradient
Ligand-gated channel ✅a channel protein in a plasma membrane that opens or closes
when a ligand binds to its receptor
Voltage-gated channel ✅main player in producing an action potential and are
activated/inactivated based on a change in voltage of the membrane
Mechanically-gated channel ✅an ion channel that responds to physical stimulus such
as vibration, stretching, or pressure
Electrochemical gradient ✅the combination of concentration and electrical forces
working on the cell membrane that determines the direction an ion moves
Resting potential ✅a stable voltage across the plasma membrane of an unstimulated
nerve or muscle cell
Sodium/potassium pump ✅accounts for the majority of energy usage of the nervous
system by pumping 3 sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell
Blood Brain Barrier ✅protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful
substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue and is formed by
astrocytes
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
