Chromosome Structure Test Questions with Answers
Where is DNA methylated? - Answer-5' of deoxycytidine
Describe the movement of chromatin within the nucleus. - Answer-Interconverts between euchromatin and heterochromatin quickly, but whole chromosomes do not move much. Specific genes are ass...
Where is DNA methylated? - Answer-5' of deoxycytidine
Describe the movement of chromatin within the nucleus. - Answer-Interconverts
between euchromatin and heterochromatin quickly, but whole chromosomes do not
move much. Specific genes are associated with specific nuclear compartments.
CLINICAL APPLICATION: give an overview of how FISH is used in clinical medicine.
Acronym? - Answer-Fluorescence in situ hybridization. Labeled DNA probe
complementary to gene of interest is hybridized to the gene, fluorescently labeling it.
What is the approximate length (in base pairs) of a segment of DNA wound around a
histone? - Answer-approximately 146 bp.
What force keeps histones bound to DNA? - Answer-Electrostatic interactions between
positively charged histone tails and negatively charged DNA.
Give an overview of the structure of histones. - Answer-(2 x H3-H4 trimer) + (1 x H2A-
H2B dimer) = octamer
Name the 4 polypeptides that are the "core histone" building blocks of histones. What is
their general structure? - Answer-H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. General structure is 1 long
hydrophobic alpha-helix + 2 short hydrophobic alpha-helices
How does histone acetylation affect chromatin structure? - Answer-acetylation of lysine
residues by AcCoA neutralizes the positive charge of the histone N-terminus "tails",
which decreases the affinity of histones for DNA.
Give an overview of histone interactions with DNA. - Answer-Each histone dimer has 6
DNA binding surfaces that form a DNA ramp.
chromatosome, def - Answer-histone octamer + H1 + 2 full turns of DNA
general characteristics of histones? - Answer-structure and acetylation pattern are
highly conserved.
Name the modifications of histones that can occur at each of the following amino acid
residues: lysine, arginine, serine, threonine. - Answer-AM M P. lysine (acetylation,
methylation), arginine (asymmetric or symmetric methylation), both serine and threonine
(phosphorylation)
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