MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024 NEW UPDATE
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Course
MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY
Institution
MCAT BIOCHEMISTRY
Amino Acid - ANSWERSDipolar compound containing an amino group and a carboxyl group
Amino Group - ANSWERS-NH2
Carboxyl Group - ANSWERS-COOH
Alpha Carbon - ANSWERSCentral carbon atom in amino acid
Attached to amino & carboxyl groups, H atom, and side chain
Side Chain - ANSWERST...
,Glycine - ANSWERSSingle H atom as side chain
Achiral
Smallest amino acid
Alanine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (1C)
Valine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (3C)
Leucine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (4C)
Isoleucine - ANSWERSAlkyl side chain (4C)
Methionine - ANSWERSMethyl side chain (-CH3)
Contains S atom in side chain
Proline - ANSWERSCyclic amino acid
N from amino group becomes part of side chain, forming five-part ring, limiting where is can
appear on a protein
Rigid/constraints on flexibility
, Arginine - ANSWERSHas 3 N atoms in side chain
Charge delocalized over all three N atoms
Histidine - ANSWERSHas aromatic ring with 2 N atoms (ring is called an imidazole)
At pH 7.4, one N is protonated and the other isn't
Under acidic conditions, the 2nd N becomes protonated, making it positively charged
Hydrophobic Amino Acids - ANSWERSBeing repelled by water
Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine
More likely to be found in center of protein
Nonpolar, uncharged compounds
Long alkyl chains
Hydrophilic Amino Acids - ANSWERSBeing attracted to water
Histidine, arginine, lysine, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, glutamine
Polar and charged compounds and those that participate in H-bonding
Amphoteric - ANSWERSAbility to act as an acid or a base
Can either accept or donate a proton
For ionizable groups: tend to be protonated at low pH; deprotonated at high pH
pKa - ANSWERSThe pH at which half of the species are deprotonated
[HA] = [A(-)]
pKa1 - ANSWERSpKa for carboxyl group
Usually around 2
pKa2 - ANSWERSpKa for amino group
Usually between 9 and 10
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