Anthrop 3300 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
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Anthrop 3300 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
Answers
According to Dawkings, Toumai, the skull of Sahelanthropus tchadensis,
exhibits all of the following features (relative to chimps) Correct Answer
✓✓ large brow ridges, less prognathic face (than a chimps), a forward
foramen magnum on the cranial base (relative to the position of the
foramen magnum in chimpanzees), thicker enamel (than that of chimps)
adaptations associated with human bipedalism Correct Answer ✓✓
short iliac blades, ability to walk with an extended knee and extended
hip, spine with a lumbar curve
bipedal anatomy: skull Correct Answer ✓✓ center of gravity is aligned
with the spine and the foot (slightly back of the hip bone) foramen
magnum is centrally positioned
bipedal anatomy: spine Correct Answer ✓✓ flexed knee and hip
balances center of gravity over feet, lumbar curve balances thorax over
hips; thoracic (s-shaped) curve brings head over center of gravity, 5
lumber vertebrae (in humans and 3 in apes), lino femoral ligament
strengthens hips forward to prevent you from falling backwards
bipedal anatomy: pelvis Correct Answer ✓✓ is much more flexible than
that of an ape.
ilia is shorter to lower center of gravity and bring it closer to hip joint,
and the ilia broadens and wraps around to maintain stability.
,gluteus minimus and medius (lesser gluteal muscles) maintains lateral
stability
gluteus maximus prevents body from pitching forward when walking
bipedal anatomy: legs Correct Answer ✓✓ long and heavy
bipedal anatomy: femur Correct Answer ✓✓ angled in to bring feet
under the body; the valgus angle
bipedal anatomy: knee Correct Answer ✓✓ extended locked knee
broad and flat knee joint to create a more efficient surface for
transmission through the knee
bipedal anatomy: foot Correct Answer ✓✓ convergent (adducted) big
toe
enlarged calcaneus or large heel that is involved with heel strike
(absorbs all the shock)
arched foot; plantar fascia maintains this arch to retain energy for when
you walk or propulsion
Lateral stability of the human trunk is achieved by contraction of the
Correct Answer ✓✓ lesser gluteal muscles (gluteus medius and
minimus)
, Lovejoy's model for bipedalism is supported by the fact that early
hominins had extremely prolonged periods of infant dependency, just as
modern humans do. TRUE/FALSE? Correct Answer ✓✓ FALSE
Dawkins discusses an experiment by Taylor and Rowntree
demonstrating that: Correct Answer ✓✓ For chimps, bipedal and
quadrupedal locomotion were equally costly
what is the significance of taylor and rowntree's study showing that there
was no difference in oxygen consumption between chimps walking on
all four or walking bipedally? Correct Answer ✓✓ the relative energy
cost of bipedal versus quadrupedal running should not be used in
arguments about the evolution of bipedal locomotion in man
what is Maxine Sheet's sexual selection idea? Correct Answer ✓✓ (a
non locomotor benefit;) males show off penises and females conceal
their genitals (which in primates are prominently displayed on all fours)
(however, if this were the case than why does it only apply to our
lineage and not to other apes/monkeys)
what sort of advantages might hominins have gained by having their
hands free? Correct Answer ✓✓ carrying food back to a mate or child,
or to trade favors with other companions (to keep it a larder for future
needs, or IOU) (goodwill it buys is safe in long term storage in a
companion's brain; your companion will remember the favor and repay
it when fortunes are reversed)
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