HKIN 276 Study Guide 3 Questions and Answers All Correct
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Course
HKIN 276
Institution
HKIN 276
HKIN 276 Study Guide 3 Questions and Answers All Correct
How does motor performance relate to motor learning: - Answer-Improved performance does not mean learning
(its an indication that learning may have occurred)
What is a performance curve? what is the relationship between practice and p...
HKIN 276 Study Guide 3 Questions
and Answers All Correct
How does motor performance relate to motor learning: - Answer-Improved performance
does not mean learning
(its an indication that learning may have occurred)
What is a performance curve? what is the relationship between practice and
performance (curves): - Answer-are plots of individual/average performance against
practice trials
• depending on the particular way the task is scored, it can have a negative or positive
slope
• The law of practice says that improvements are rapid at first and much slower later in
practice.
"If you don't get better once you come back, shows that learning may not of occurred"
Are there any limitations to performance curves: - Answer-- performance curves are not
learning curves
- effects between subjects are masked
- within-subject variability is masked
Distinguish temporary versus relative effects of practice: - Answer-Practice can have
numerous effects on the learner:
- relatively permanent effects that persist across many days, even years
- temporary effects that vanish with time or a change in conditions (positive or negative)
Features of transfer designs: - Answer-analyzes whether a change that improves
performance in practice also improves learning
-Allow sufficient time for the supposed temporary effects of practice to dissipate (time
will vary depending on the nature of the temporary effects)
-Evaluate learners again in a transfer or retention test, with all groups performing under
same conditions
-Any differences observed in this transfer test are due to differences in the relatively
permanent capability acquired during earlier practice
, How is transfer related to similarity (3 common features): - Answer-• Transfer between
skills depends on the skills' movement or perceptual similarity.
The concept of similarity among skills involves these common features:
1. Common movement patterning
2. Common perceptual elements
3. Common strategic or conceptual elements
Instructional ideas to increase transfer of learning - Answer-- complex skills may be
broken down into simpler elements for beginning learners
- the conditions under which practice is conducted are different than the conditions in a
real situation
*How does transfer relate to the applicability of skill? how is transfer measured? -
Answer-- the relatively permanent effects of learning separated from any temporary
performance effects
- transfer concerns how performance on the transfer task is influenced by practice on
some other task
Positive and Negative transfer: - Answer-Positive transfer: occurs when a treatment
facilitates performance over no practice
Negative transfer: occurs when a treatment degrades performance in comparison to
those that received no practice
Specific and Generalized transfer: - Answer-Specific transfer: when students learn
specific techniques and then use these in new situations that contain the same
elements or features of the original learning situation
-measured by delayed retention tests on that task
Open-loop control system in motor learning: - Answer-A control system where all the
information needed to initiate and carry out an action as planned is contained in the
*initial instructions* to the effector
-missing feedback and comparator mechanisms for determining system errors
When is open-loop especially important? - Answer-When an action needs to be done
quickly (reflexes)
When isn't modification required in movement: - Answer--During open loop-systems
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