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Biology 104- Final Exam- Study Guide 2024
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Biology 104- Final Exam- Study Guide
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Biology 104- Final Exam- Study GuideWhat are the differentiating points between fungi and plants? Between fungi and
animals? - Answer -Fungi VS Plants: can both reproduce sexually and asexually.
-Plants have chlorophyll and can produce their own food, fungi live off others, and they
cannot produce their own food.
-Plants reproduce through seeds and pollen, fungi reproduce through spores
-Plants store energy as starch, fungi stare energy as glycogen (like animals)
-Plants have roots, stem and leaves. Fungi only have filaments which attach to the host
- Plants are the producers in the eco system, fungi are the decomposers.
-The cell walls on plants are made of cellulose, while those of fungi are made of chitin.
Fungi VS Animals: both have a recent ancestor in the Supergroup Opisthokonta.
- cell walls - fungi have them, animals don't- sense organs (or tissues)
- animals have them, fungi don't- method of nutrient intake
- fungi: are saprotroph, heterotrophs; animal: ingest so they are just heterotrophs
- animals move by cilia, flagella, or muscular
structures/organs; fungi don't move under their own power
How do you tell septate from nonseptate hyphae? - Answer -Hyphae are a network of
fungal filaments. They give the mycelium quite a large surface-to-volume ratio,
maximizing the absorption of nutrients. Hyphae grow from their tips, and in some fungi,
septa, or walls of tissue, are formed behind the growing tip, partitioning the hyphae into
individual cells. Fungi that have septa in their hyphae are called septate. Septate
hyphae have dividers between the cells. Aseptate fungi are not divided into cells, and
many nuclei are present in the cytoplasm of a single hypha.
, Explain what dikaryotic means. - Answer -A hypha that contains paired haploid nuclei is
said to be n + n or dikaryotic.
What are the terms for asexual spores of each fungal type learned? - Answer -
Ascomycota (sac fungi)-- conidiospores
Glomeromycota (AM Fungi) - spores
Zygomycota (zygospore fungi) -- sporangiospores
Chytridiomycota (chytrid fungi) -- zoospores
What are lichens and what use are they? - Answer -A lichen is a symbiotic relationship
between certain fungi and wither cyanobacteria or algae, in which the fungi possible
provide inorganic food or water and and the algae or cyanobacteria provide organic
food.
Lichens take up pollutants and cannot survive where the air is polluted. Therefore,
Lichens can serve as air pollution sensors.
The mutualistic relationship mycorrhizae is between soil fungi and the roots of most
plants. The relationship allows plants to be more successful in poor soils.
What is the name given to the life cycle of plants which includes a sporophyte
generation and a gametophyte generation? - Answer -Alternation of Generations
Flowers are just modified what? - Answer -Shoot
List the major parts of a flower and discuss the roles of each (be sure to include
reproductive and non-reproductive parts). - Answer -Carpel- center of the flower, a vase
like structure with three major regions: the stigma, and enlarged, sticky knob; the style,
a slender stalk; and the ovary, an enlarged base that encloses one or more ovules. The
ovule becomes the seen and the ovary becomes fruit.
Stamens- contains two parts: first, the slender stalk, called a filament, that holds up a
second structure, a saclike container called the anther. Pollen grains develop from
microspores produced within the anther.
Petals- are divers, also known as corolla, and are used to attract a pollinator.
Sepal- collectively called the calyx, protect the flower bud before it opens.
From what plant part does the seed develop? - Answer -Ovule
What structure develops into a fruit in angiosperms? - Answer -Ovary
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