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BIO 104 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 104 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIO 104 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Three elements that male and female reproductive systems have in common - Answer -
1. they produce gametes
2. production of hormones
3. maturation of reproductive capability
Define "sexually dimorphic" - Answer -male and female physically different
Three sets that make up the sex organs of both male and females - Answer -1. gonads
2. Internal genitilia
3. External genitilia
What is the male gonad - Answer -Testes
What are female gonads - Answer -ovaries
Name the sex cells (gametes) produced by the testes and ovaries - Answer -
spermatozoa and oocytes
Three examples of sex hormones - Answer -1. testosterone
2. estrogen
3. progesterone
At what point in life do the male and female reproductive system become functional -
Answer -puberty
What is the main initiator of puberty? - Answer -GuRH release from the hypothalamus
Define "sexual reproduction" - Answer -The process of mixing genes between two
individuals
What is a hormone? - Answer -Internal molecular messengers
What is the importance of hormones when considering reproductive biology? - Answer -
They regulate nearly all aspects of the reproduction
Name the two classes of glands - Answer -Endocrine and Exocrine
, 4 structures/organs that have an endocrine function? - Answer -1. Gonad
2. Placenta
3. hypothalamus
4. pituitary gland
Define "endocrinology" - Answer -study of endocrine glands and their secretion
Define "paracrine" - Answer -Hormones that act in neighboring cells
How are hormones structurally classified? - Answer -- proteins/peptides
-amines
-FA derivatives
-steroid HS
All steroid hormones are derived from ______ - Answer -cholesterol
Three classes of sex-steroid hormones and give examples of each - Answer -1.
progestins (21c) ex. progesterone
2. Androgeus (19c) ex. 5 Alpha DHT/ testosterone
3. Estrogeus (18C) ex. estradiol
relative potency of each progestins, Androgeus, and Estrogeus - Answer -100% each
What criteria determines whether a cell is a target for a specific hormone? - Answer -
presence of receptors
what is a ligand - Answer -it is a hormone
it binds to receptors
how does the location of the receptors for the protein/peptide hormone differ from that of
a steroid hormone? - Answer -protein/peptide - on the plasma membrane
steroid hormone - intracellular
What is the significance of second messengers - Answer -they carry out the message
from the hormone (first messenger)
define up-regulation - Answer -the number of receptors when there is a chronic
decrease in hormone levels
Why do protein/peptides act within minutes where as steroid hormone takes longer -
Answer -protein/ peptide takes releases quickly
Define affinity and give examples of hormone that bind to the same receptor with
different affinities - Answer -strength at which the hormone and receptor bind to each
other
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