CRO Test 4 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
what are the risk factors for bladder cancer? - ANSWERS-cytoxan exposure
-smoking
-napthylamines/dyes
-chronic irritation from kidney stones/foley catheters
what are the most common sites within the bladder for cancer to form? - ANSWERS-bladder ne...
what is the most common type of bladder cancer? - ANSWERSurothelial carcinoma (90% of US cases)
what is the initial presentation of most cases of bladder cancer? - ANSWERS-hematuria (gross and
microscopic)
-pelvic pain
-irritative voiding
-hydronephrosis
what is the simulation position for bladder cancer treatment? - ANSWERSsupine with lower body
immobilization and an EMPTY bladder
what structures are blocked in the AP field for bladder cancer? - ANSWERSmedial borders of the femoral
heads
what is the least common type of bladder cancer? - ANSWERSsmall cell carcinoma (1%)
, what is the predominant histologic type of renal cell carcinoma? - ANSWERSclear cell (75-85%)
what are the risk factors for renal cell carcinoma? - ANSWERS-urban environmental toxins (cadmium,
petrols, asbestos)
-obesity
-tobacco
-high dietary fat intake
-acquired cystic renal disease from renal failure
what are the classic triad of common signs and symptoms for renal cell carcinoma?how often do the 3
present together? - ANSWERS-hematuria, flank pain, flank mass
-only 10% of the time
what is the dose presription for post-op renal cell carcinoma with boost? - ANSWERS45-50Gy with 10-
15Gy boost to micro/gross disease, totaling 50-60Gy
what are the critical structures to consider when treating renal cell carcinoma and what are their dose
limits? - ANSWERS-contralateral kidney: <20Gy in 2-3 weeks
-liver: <30% receiving 36-40Gy
-spinal cord: <45Gy
-small bowel: <40Gy
what is the simulation position for a patient undergoing radiation therapy for renal cell carcinoma? -
ANSWERSsupine, arms up to allow for visualization of lateral isocenter marks, immobilize with a wing
board, wire scar
at what age is renal cell carcinoma most common and at what age is the peak incidence? - ANSWERS-
most common: 6th-8th decades
-peak incidence: 6th decade
how are most renal cell carcinoma diagnoses made? - ANSWERS95% made with imaging (solid,
hypervascular mass)
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