NR 325 Final Exam
3 steps to stroke recognition - ANS-1. Ask the person to smile and stick out tongue
2. Ask the person to make a complete sentence
3. As the person to raise both arms
4th leading cause of death - ANS-Stroke
-Kills 1 American approx every 4 minutes
Abnormal ICP - ANS-Sustained pressure greater than 20mmHg
Aging adult assessment findings (nervous system) - ANS--Alterations in mental functioning
-Slowed conduction of nerve impulses/slowed response time
-Changes in gait/ambulation. Diminished kinesthetic sense
-Altered balance, vertigo, syncope. Increased postural hypotension
-Proprioception diminished. Decreased sensory input
-Decreased reaction time in specific nerves
-Diminished strength/agility
-Diminished sense of touch/pain/temp
-Malnutrition, weight loss
-Diminished sense of smell
-Disturbances in sleep patterns
-Orthostatic hypotension, systolic hypertension
Aging affects on nervous system (brain) - ANS--Decreased cerebral blood flow/metabolism
-Decreased efficiency of temperature-regulating mechanisms
-Decreased neurotransmitters, loss of neurons
-Decreased o2 supply
-Cerebral tissue atrophy and increased size of ventricles
Aging affects on nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves) - ANS-Loss of myelin and
decreased conduction time
Cellular degeneration, death of neurons
Aging affects on nervous system (motor, sensory, reflexes) - ANS-Decreased muscle bulk
Decreased sensory receptors
Decreased electrical activity
Atrophy of taste buds
Degeneration/loss of fibers in olfactory bulb
Degenerative changes in nerve cells in inner ear, cerebellum, and proprioceptive pathways
Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Decreased sensory conduction velocity
,Agnosia - ANS-Inability to recognize familiar objects, tastes, sounds, and other sensations
Anomia - ANS-Inability to remember names of things
Anosmia - ANS-Loss of sense of smell
Early sign of Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia
Anti-cancer drugs: adverse reactions/precautions - ANS-Bone marrow suppression
Anorexia
Nausea and vomiting
GI disturbances
Alopecia
Avoid pregnancy
Aphasia - ANS-Inability to express oneself through speech
Apneustic breathing - ANS-Prolonged inspiratory phase or pauses alternating with expiratory
pauses
-Lesion of mid or lower pons
Apraxia - ANS-Misuse of objects because of failure to identify them
Ataxic breathing - ANS-Completely irregular with some breaths deep and some shallow.
Random irregular pauses, slow rate.
-Reticular formation of the medulla
Autonomic dysreflexia - ANS-Vasodilation above level of injury
-Increased BP
-Flushed face
-Headache
-Distended neck veins
Autonomic dysreflexia risk - ANS-Spinal cord injury at T6 or higher
Triggered by sustained stimuli at T6 or below from:
-restrictive clothing
-Pressure areas
-Full bladder/UTI
-Fecal impaction
Basal ganglia - ANS-Group of structures located centrally in the cerebrum and mid brain
Initiation, execution, and completion of voluntary movements, learning, emotional response, and
autonomic movements associated with skeletal muscle activity
Basilar skull fracture - ANS-Specialized type of linear fracture involving the base of the skull
-Cranial nerve deficits
-Battle's sign (postauricular ecchymosis)
-Periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes)
Benign tumor - ANS-Slow growing
Capsulated
Non-invasive
Do not metastasize
Well differentiated
Suffix "oma"
Blood and body fluid safety - ANS--Blood, body fluids, and soiled materials should never touch
your skin
-Use disposable gloves or protective barrier for safety
-Store soiled items in a plastic bag
-Clean and sanitize
-Place in a container lined with a plastic bag
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