Types of electronic surveillance - 1. Audio Surveillance
2. Video Surveillance
3. (Tracking) Electronic Surveillance
Define Electronic Surveillance - Use of electronic surveillance equipment to
monitor/record events, can include video or image capture.
2 types of audio intercepts devices - 1. Recorder - just records audio primarily used for
collecting evidence, but you have to wait until the meet is over to recover the recording.
Body worn, digital, record time, audio quality.
2. Transmitter - transmits audio to another devie, can also record. Officer safety as they
provide real-time transmission.
What is Audio Intercept - Consensual (one-party) not unlawful for a person acting under
color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication.
define VIDEO SURVEILLANCE and two systems that function this. - Systems that are
both covert and overt, they can be fixed or mobile, wire or wireless. most of the time
uses internet / wifi.
IP- based video surveillance system, sometimes referred to as POLE CAM
In-Place CCTV systems - security systems.
Define surveillance - An continuous -ongoing process of monitoring people, place, or
things in order to gather intel about case
What are some traits of a surveillant - Tangible - psychological, good condition, eye
sight
Intangible - patience, perseverance, adaptation
What is MEID - Mobile Equipment Identifier
What are some cellphone device extraction - Physical - most complex
Logical - LEO preferred
Manuel - lease complex
Define Electronic Tracking - Ready availability and affordability of these systems allows
LEO to efficiently, accurately and safely track the movement of vehicles, packages or
persons.
, MUST NEED A WARRANT TO INSTALL
What are 2 types of Electronic Tracking systems - 1. GPS - uses cellular
2. RF/ Beacon - sends out signal via radio waves; receives by device tuned to same
frequency.
Two types of GPS trackers systems are called - 1. Memory trackers - records location
data, must retrieve to access data.
- pros: cheap, simple to install, detailed list of movements.
- cons: can't view on-demand, have to wait for info. Lose the target, lost the tracker.
2. Live trackers - Transmits location data.
- pros: real-time data via remote access, some can remotely control target vehicle.
- cons: pricely, need good cell coverage.
both types need search warrant.
Electronic Countermeasures - Devices purchased by the bad guys to detect of thwart
electronic surveillance. Jammers, RF detectors. Are illegal.
Why use Electronic Surveillance Equipment (ESE) - - enhances sight/sound
- monitor/record in real-time
- preserves crime scene
- sources of irrefutable evidence
- safety
- Usually results in guilty pleas rather than trials
Purposes of ESE - 1. gather evidence
2. protect UC's/Informants
3. Document crime as it happens
what is WTAG - Wi-Fi Tools for Analysis and Geolocation - to locate specific device.
(child pornography, terrorism, Human trafficking's cases).
Identify some considerations for using ESE - - Must tell the the person using the ESE
how to work the device. What to do and what not to do
- Person using it must be aware of potential issues
- Technical person must do a site survey and ops plans
- Must be justified, balance vs. cost.
- PLACE the microphone in the equidistant location "middle of conversation"
- PLACE the microphone on the chest if its used by person.
- PLACE antenna VERTICAL.
- Approval needs to come from head of agency or designee
Duress signals. (audio and signal)
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