NCMA 219 Week 11 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NCMA 219
Institution
NCMA 219
DEHYDRATION Common body fluid disturbance in infants and children Occurs whenever the total output of fluid exceeds the total intake, regardless of the cause. Also referred to as volume depletion Occur in vomiting and diarrhea
Isotonic Occurs when water and sodium are lost in approximately equal a...
NCMA 219 Week 11 Review Questions
and Correct Answers
DEHYDRATION ✅Common body fluid disturbance in infants and
children
Occurs whenever the total output of fluid
exceeds the total intake, regardless of the
cause.
Also referred to as volume depletion
Occur in vomiting and diarrhea
Isotonic ✅Occurs when water and sodium are lost in
approximately equal amounts
Plasma sodium concentration: between 130 to
150 meq/L
Hypotonic ✅Electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit
Water transfers from extracellular to the
intracellular leading to swelling of the cells
Plasma sodium concentration: <130 meq/L
Hypertonic ✅High percentage of electrolytes than water
Most dangerous & requires more fluid therapy
Fluids shifts from the intracellular to the
extracellular
Dehydration happens in the cell
Plasma sodium concentration is > 150 mEq/L
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT (DEHYDRATION) ✅Oral rehydration solutions such
as Pedialyte,
Rehydralyte, Infalyte
Parenteral fluid therapy
IV fluids
DIARRHEA ✅Symptom that results from disorders involving
digestive, absorptive, & secretory functions
Caused by abnormal intestinal water and
electrolyte transport
ETIOLOGY OF DIARRHEA ✅Lack of clean water, crowding, poor hygiene,
nutritional deficiency, & poor sanitation are
major risk factors, especially for bacterial or
,parasitic pathogens
spread
by the fecal oral route through contaminated
food or water or are spread from person to
person where there is close contact
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION (DIARRHEA) ✅Evaluation of child with acute
gastroenteritis
Stool cultures
Urine specific gravity: if dehydration suspected
CBC, serum
electrolytes, creatinine, & blood urea nitrogen
NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT (DIARRHEA) ✅Teach caregivers to monitor signs of
dehydration (number of wet diapers or voiding),
amount of fluids taken by mouth
Assess the frequency and amount of stool
losses
VOMITING ✅Forceful ejection of gastric contents through the
mouth. It is a well-defined, complex,
coordinated process under CNS control and
often accompanied by nausea and retching
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION (VOMITING) ✅Thorough history
Physical examination
Psychiatric examination
THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION (VOMITING) ✅Self-limiting and resolves with no
specific treatment
Parental fluids if dehydrated
Antiemetic drugs
BURNS ✅Usually attributed to extreme heat sources but
may also result from exposure to cold,
chemical, electricity, or radiation
1st degree Burn ✅- Epidermis remains intact
- Painful
- Erythema skin blanches and with pressure
- Discomfort lasts 48-72 hours
-Desquamation occurs in 3-7 days
, 2nd degree burn ✅- Wet, shiny, weeping surface and w/ blisters
- Painful, very sensitive to touch
- Partial thickness burn heals in <21 days
- Deep-partial requires >21 days of healing
- Wound blanches w/ pressure
3rd degree burn ✅- Color variable (deep red, white, black or brown)
- Surface dry
- Thrombosed vessels visible
- Insensate
- Autografting is required for healing
4th degree burn ✅- Color variable
-Charring visible in deepest areas
-Extremity movement limited
- Insensate
- Amputation is likely
- Autografting for healing
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (BURNS) ✅Local Response
- edema formation
- fluid loss
- circulatory status
- tissue repair
Systemic Response
- Cardiovascular system
- renal
- gastrointestinal
- growth and development
THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT (BURNS) ✅Emergency care
o Stop the burning process - Wrap the
child in a rug and roll
o Assess the victim's condition
o Cover the burn wound w/ clean, dry
cloth to prevent contamination and
alleviate pain by eliminating air contact
No attempt should be made to treat the burn (it
should be in the hospital)
Transport child to medical aid
Provide reassurance
MINOR & MAJOR BURN WOUND MANAGEMENT ✅Maintain adequate airway
Fluid replacement (most important mgnt)
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