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ANATOMY - STOTT PILATES EXAM PREPARATION
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ANATOMY - STOTT PILATES EXAM PREPARATION
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ANATOMY - STOTT PILATES EXAM PREPARATIONWhich muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? - answer-
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - answer-
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - answer- dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - answer- Primarily responsible for
eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus
tertius dorsiflexes it.
What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - answer- The hamstrings,
gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings.
The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. -
answer- Superior and inferior segments of the body
The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. -
answer- Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments.
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging? - answer- Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping? - answer- Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the
scapulae
Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular tipping:
- answer- - tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the
coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.
- Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a weak
lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias towards
anterior tipping.
- faulty posture (kyphosis)
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS) - answer- S.I.T.S.
supraspinatus,
infraspinatus,
teres minor,
subscapularis
, Describe the 2 actions of the forearm: - answer- Supination - palm facing up
pronation - palm facing down
Describe the two actions of the elbow joint: - answer- Flexion - palm moves proximally
(towards shoulder)
Extension - palm moves distally
What are the anteroposterior muscles of the hip? - answer- Anterior: Iliopsoas, rectus
femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius
Posterior: Glutes and hamstrings
Describe the 6 actions of the hip joint - answer- Abduction - leg moves away from
midline
adduction - leg moves toward midline
flexion - femur moves proximally
extension - femur moves distally
Internal rotation - Femur spirals in socket toward midline
External rotation - femur spirals in socket away from midline
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip flexion? (7 primary) - answer- Psoas
Major*
Iliacus*
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor Fascia latae
Gluteus medius (anterior fibers)
Gluteus minimus
*iliopsoas group
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip extension? (2 primary) - answer- Gluteus
maximus
Hamstrings (biceps femoris (lateral) semimembranosus (medial) and semitendinosus
(medial).
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip abduction? (3) - answer- Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
What muscles are responsible/involved in hip Adduction? - answer- The adductor
group:
Adductor brevis
Adductor longis
adductor magnus
Adductor minimus
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