BIO 316 Exam 1 Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 316
Institution
BIO 316
"High-grade" energy refers to - chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy
A crayfish's daily life consists of swimming, foraging, and escape from predators. Explain how anaerobic
and aerobic metabolism interact to help the crayfish live through the day. What is the role of oxygen in
these acti...
BIO 316 Exam 1
"High-grade" energy refers to - chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy
A crayfish's daily life consists of swimming, foraging, and escape from predators. Explain how anaerobic
and aerobic metabolism interact to help the crayfish live through the day. What is the role of oxygen in
these activities? - Burst = anaerobic - dependent upon redox balance, phosphagens, and nutrients
Sustained = aerobic - O2 dependent
A nonessential amino acid is an amino acid that - can be synthesized by the animal
As hooded seals develop from weanlings, the most dramatic increase in their ability to store oxygen
during a dive is seen in ______ - myoglobin (single globin monomer that facilitates
oxygen diffusion into muscle,)
Brown fat - • Highly vascularized
• High number of mitochondria
• UCP1
Cells use active transport to - pump ions or molecules against their concentration gradient
Compared to fish found in lower temperature habitats, fish that inhabit higher - saturated
phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes
Controlled Hypothermia - • Hibernation: periods of several days or more in winter
• Estivation: same in summer
• Torpor: daily drop in temperature for consecutive days
Enzymes are proteins that - lower the activation energy of a reaction and are not consumed in the
process
, Epigenetics - Modifications of gene expression WITH NO
CHANGE IN DNA SEQUENCE - heritable - Two major mechanisms
• DNA methylation
• Covalent modification of histones
Feedforward control - Evolved to enable the body to predict a change that is about to occur and
start response in anticipation of change
Feeding Strategies - Predators
Suspension Feeders - blue whale
Grazers/Browsers
Symbiotic association
Female lab rats give different levels of care to their offspring, explain how the level of care will affect the
offspring phenotype. This is an example of what type of regulation/mechanism? - Ungroomed
babies are more stressed and anxious, they have an increased endocrine response to stress
Epigenetics
For the Antarctic icefish, a consequence of their lack of hemoglobin is that they ______ - have
large hearts compared to warm water fish of equal size.
Give an example of chemosynthetic autotrophs and how they obtain their energy. Explain what their
symbionts do. - Hydrothermal-vent worms are symbiotic with chemoautotrophic bacteria which
convert oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc. into organic molecules on which their host worms
feed
If you take a biopsy from the thigh muscle from an athlete and find that the biopsy shows mainly stained
slow oxidative fibers, what type of athelete is most likely? - marathoner
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