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Lehne-s Pharmacology Exam 1 questions with answers 2024
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Lehne-s Pharmacology Exam 1 questions with answers 2024
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Lehne's Pharmacology Exam 1 questionswith answers 2024
3 mmpossible mmdrug-drug mminteractions mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm(1) mmintensify mmeffects(2) mmreduce
mmeffects mm(3) mmnew mmresponse
potentiative mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmone mmdrug mmintensifies mmthe mmeffects mmof mmthe mmother, mmcan
mmbe mmbeneficial mmor mmdetrimental
inhibitory mminteraction mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmone mmdrug mmreduces mmthe mmeffects mmof mmanother,
mmcan mmbe mmbeneficial(reduces mmtoxicity) mmor mmdetrimental(reduces mmtherapeutic mmeffect)
4 mmbasic mmdrug-drug mmmechanisms mmof mminteractions mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm(1) mmdirect
mmchemical mmor mmphysical mminteraction mm(2) mmpharmacokinetic mminteraction mm(3)
mmpharmacodynamic mminteractions mm(4) mmcombined mmtoxicity
Direct mmchemical mmor mmphysical mminteraction mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmtwo mmdrugs mmmixing,
mmusually mmrenders mmboth mmdrugs mminactive mm(never mmmix mmtwo mmor mmmore mmdrugs mmin mmsame
mmcontainer mmunless mmindicated)
4 mmbasic mmpharmacokinetic mmprocesses mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm(1) mmabsorption mm(2)
mmdistribution mm(3) mmmetabolism mm(4) mmexcretion
Altered mmabsorption mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmexample: mmantacids mmelevate mmgastric mmph,
mmincreasing mmability mmof mmdrugs mmto mmcross mmmembranes
altered mmdistribution mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm(1) mmcompetition mmfor mmthe mmprotein mmbinding mm(2)
mmalteration mmof mmthe mmextracellular mmpH
altered mmmetabolism mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmmost mmcomplex mmand mmimportant mmdrug-drug
mminteraction. mmDrugs mmthat mminduce mmsynthesis mmof mmhaptic mmp450 mmenzymes mmor mminhibit mmit
,altered mmrenal mmexcretion mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmdrugs mmcan mmeffect mmall mmthree mmphases:
mmfiltration, mmreabsorption, mmand mmactive mmsecretion
Drugs mmthat mminduce mmP-glycoprotein mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmreduce mmabsorption, mmreduce
mmfetal mmexposure, mmreduce mmbrain-drug mmexposure, mmincrease mmdrug mmelimination
Drugs mmthat mminhibit mmP-glycoprotein mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmincrease mmabsorption, mmincrease
mmfetal mmexposure, mmincrease mmbrain-drug mmexposure, mmdecrease mmdrug mmelimination
taking mma mmdrug mmon mman mm"empty mmstomach" mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm1 mmhour mmbefore mmmeals
mmor mm2 mmhours mmafter mmmeals
CYP3A4 mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmGrapefruit mmjuice mminhibits mmthe...in mmmetabolism, mmgreater mmin
mmintestinal mmwall, mmnot mman mmissue mmwhen mmIV mmdrugs mmused
competition mmfor mmprotein mmbinding mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmwhen mmtwo mmdrugs mmbind mmto mmthe
mmsame mmsite, mmresulting mmin mmbinding mmof mmagents mmreduced mmand mmplasma mmdrug mmlevels
mmrise
alteration mmof mmextracellular mmph mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmdrug mmincreases mmionization mmof
mmacidic mmdrug, mmcausing mmit mmto mmmove mmout mmof mmthe mmcell, mmchanging mmthe mmdrug
mmdistribution
p450 mmcyp mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmmajority mmof mmdrug mmmetabolism mmis mmcatalyzed mmby mmthis
mmgroup mmof mmenzymes
inducing mmagents mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmdrugs mmthat mmstimulate mmsynthesis mmof mmcyp
mmisoenzymes, mmincreases mmrate mmof mmdrug mmmetabolism
Pharmacokinetics mmis mmderived mmfrom mmwhat mmtwo mmGreek mmwords? mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡
mmpharmakon mm(drug mmor mmpoison)
kinesis mm(motion)
,Pharmacokinetics mmis... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmthe mmstudy mmof mmdrug mmmovement mmthroughout
mmthe mmbody. mmAlso mmincludes mmdrug mmmetabolism mmand mmdrug mmexcretion.
Four mmbasic mmpharmacokinetic mmprocesses: mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmAbsorption
Distribution mm
Metabolism mm
Excretion
Absorption mmis mmdefined mmas... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmthe mmmovement mmof mma mmdrug mmfrom mmits
mmsite mmof mmadministration mminto mmthe mmblood.
Metabolism mm(bio-transformation) mmis mmdefined mmas... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmenzymatically
mmmedicated mmalternation mmof mmdrug mmstructure
Distribution mmis mmdefined mmas... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmdrug mmmovement mmfrom mmthe mmblood mmto
mmthe mminterstitial mmspace mmof mmtissues mmand mmfrom mmthere mminto mmcells.
Excretion mmis... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmthe mmmovement mmof mmdrugs mmand mmtheir mmmetabolites
mmout mmof mmthe mmbody.
The mmcombination mmof mmmetabolism mmplus mmexcretion mmis mmcalled... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡
mmelimination.
The mmintensity mmof mmthe mmresponse mmto mma mmdrug mmis mmdirectly mmrelated mmto... mm- mmANSWER: mm
mm➡ mmthe mmconcentration mmof mmthe mmdrug mmat mmits mmsite mmof mmaction.
Three mmways mmto mmcross mma mmcell mmmembrane mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mm1) mmPassage mmthrough
mmchannels mmor mmpores. mmVery mmfew mmdrugs mmcan mmdo mmthis mmdue mmto mmthe mmextremely mmsmall
mmsize mmrequired. mmExamples: mmsmall mmions mmsuch mmas mmpotassium mmand mmsodium.
, 2) mmPassage mmwith mmthe mmaid mmof mma mmtransport mmsystem. mmCarriers mmmove mmdrugs mmfrom mmone
mmside mmof mmthe mmcell mmmembrane mmto mmthe mmother. mmAll mmtransport mmsystems mmare mmselective
mm- mmwill mmcarry mma mmdrug mmdepending mmon mmit's mmstructure. mm
3) mmDirect mmpenetration mmof mmthe mmmembrane mmitself. mmDrugs mmthat mmare mmlipid mmsoluble mmcan
mmpenetrate mmmembranes mmand mmdo mmnot mmrequire mmtransport.
P-Glycoprotein mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmA mmwell mmknown mmmulti-drug mmtransporter mmprotein.
mmTransports mma mmwide mmvariety mmof mmdrugs mmout mmof mmcells. mm
- mmLiver mm- mmtransports mmdrugs mminto mmthe mmbile mmfor mmelimination
- mmKidney mm- mmpumps mmdrugs mminto mmurine mmfor mmexcretion
- mmPlacenta mm- mmtransports mmdrugs mmback mmto mmmaternal mmblood
- mmIntestine mm- mmtransports mmdrugs mminto mmintestinal mmlumen mm
- mmBrain mm- mmpumps mmdrugs mminto mmthe mmblood
Polar mmmolecules mmare... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmmolecules mmwith mmuneven mmdistribution mmof
mmelectrical mmcharge. mmThey mmhave mmno mmnet mmcharge mmand mmcan mmdissolve mmin mmpolar
mmsolvents mm(water) mmbut mmnot mmnon-polar mmsolvents mm(oil). mmThey mmare mmunable mmto mmcross
mmmembranes mmunassisted.
Ions mmare... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmmolecules mmthat mmhave mma mmnet mmelectrical mmcharge mm(either
mmpositive mmor mmnegative). mmMost mmare mmunable mmto mmcross mmmembranes.
Quaternary mmAmmonium mmCompounds mmare... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mmmolecules mmthat mmcontain
mmat mmleast mmone mmatom mmof mmnitrogen mmand mmcarry mma mmpositive mmcharge mmat mmall mmtimes.
mmUnable mmto mmcross mmmost mmmembranes.
Whether mma mmweak mmacid mmor mmbase mmcarries mma mmcharge mmis mmdetermined mmby... mm- mmANSWER:
mm mm➡ mmthe mmpH mmof mmthe mmsurrounding mmmedium
An mmacid mmis... mm- mmANSWER: mm mm➡ mma mmcompound mmthat mmcan mmgive mmup mma mmhydrogen mmion
mm(proton) mm- mma mmproton mmdonor.
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