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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 BIOLOGY 1108 EXAM 2WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Fall wood xylem - CORRECT ANSWERS-*smaller diameter
*very thick walls
*more support
Dendrochronology - CORRECT ANSWERS-Study of tree ring growth patterns
Sap wood - CORRECT ANSWERS-*youngest 2° xylem layers
*active in transport
Heartwood xylem - CORRECT ANSWERS-*oldest 2° xylem layers
*not active in transport
*darker due to resins and other compounds that protect against fungi and
wood boring insects
Secondary dermal tissue - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cork cambium
Cork cambium: formation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Forms from parenchyma in
cortex
Uses of cork - CORRECT ANSWERS-*wine bottles
*cork boards
Uses of xylem - CORRECT ANSWERS-*rosewood guitar
*oak flooring in house
*redwood deck
Essence of plantness - CORRECT ANSWERS-*photosynthesis/chloroplasts
*root structure: help it stand up, get nutrients, filter water, keep them in
place
*branching/growing outward to get sunlight, water, and nutrients
Kingdom Plantae (and some protists: algae) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
*multicellular eukaryotes
*photosynthetic autotrophs
*cell walls composed of cellulose
*pigments: chl a, chl b, and carotenoids (help capture sunlight)
, Charophytes (green algae) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sister species with land
plants
Plants and charophytes (shared traits) - CORRECT ANSWERS-*rosette shaped
cellulose synthase complexes
*enzymes in peroxisome
*formation of phragmoplast
*similarity in genetic code of nucleus and chloroplasts
*flagellated sperm structure
Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWERS-Thick, inflexible, strong, waterproof
*cellulose fibrils
*other biomolecules (pectins, hemicellulose, lignin, etc)
Challenge: water supply, dessication - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solution:
*vacuoles (store water)
*stomata (regulate water loss
*root system (more complex)
Challenge: gravity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solution: cellulose, vascular tissue,
cell wall
Challenge: too much sunlight - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solution: Evaporative
cooling
Challenge: photosynthesis on land - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solution: Pigment
type
Challenge: fertilization and dispersal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Solution:
*flagellated sperm (need water)
*seeds (protective covering)
Natural selection requirements - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Variation in traits
(individually)
2. Heritability
3. Reproduction
4. Differential survival and reproduction
Four key traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are ABSENT in
charophytes - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Alternation of generations
2. Apical meristems
3. Walled spores in sporangia
4. Multicellular gametangia
**most plants secrete a cuticle**
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