Exam (elaborations)
GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final Exam Questions And Answers.
- Course
- Institution
GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final Exam Questions And Answers.
[Show more]
Content preview
GMS 6440 Fundamentals Final ExamQuestions And Answers
T/
F: .Cardiac .muscle .contraction .is .considered .to .be .voluntary .movement. .- .Correct . .An
swer .- .False
It .moves .involuntarily.
T/
F: .In .the .gastrointestinal .tract, .smooth .muscle .is .the .major .muscle .type. .- .Correct . .An
swer .- .True
T/
F: .In .our .body, .approximately .8 .liters .of .intestinal .juices .are .secreted .into .the .GI .tract
.daily, .but .only .100 .ml .of .water .is .secreted .into .the .feces. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/F: .Normal .movement .of .blood .flow .in .the .heart .is: .left .atrium-left .ventricle-lung-
right .atrium-right .ventricle. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
Right .atrium .- .right .ventricle .- .lung .- .left .atrium- .left .ventricle
T/
F: .Normally, .humans .have .2 .lobes .in .the .right .lung .and .3 .lobes .in .the .left .lung. .- .Cor
rect . .Answer .- .False
3 .lobes .in .the .right .lung .and .2 .lobes .in .the .left .lung
T/F: .In .the .lung, .gas .exchange .occurs .mostly .at .the .alveoli. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .The .urinary .system .is .normally .composed .of .two .kidneys, .two .ureters .and .two .blad
ders. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
Two .kidneys, .two .ureters, .and .ONE .bladder
T/
F: .Filtered .wastes .from .the .glomerulus .will .move .in .the .following .order: .Bowman's .ca
psule-proximal .tubule-distal .tubule-loop .of .Henle-
collecting .duct. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
Bowman's .Capsule .- .proximal .tubule .- .loop .of .Henle .- .distal .tubule .- .collecting .duct
,T/
F: .Both .endocrine .and .nervous .systems .play .important .roles .in .controlling .the .activitie
s .of .many .different .organ .systems .to .maintain .homeostasis. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .Specificity .of .hormone .action .in .the .target .cells .is .determined .by .receptors. .- .Corre
ct . .Answer .- .True
T/F: .The .area .of .nerve .axon .not .wrapped .by .myelin .sheath .(non-
myelinated .area) .is .called .nodes .of .Ranvier .where .action .potential .is .insulated. .- .Corr
ect . .Answer .- .False
Myelin .sheath .insulates .action .potential. .Action .potential .propagates .faster .by .skippin
g .myelinated .axon, .and .jumping .from .nodes .of .Ranvier .to .another .node.
What .chemical .component .of .the .plasma .membrane .prevents .ions .from .readily .and .fr
eely .moving .across .the .membrane? .- .Correct . .Answer .- .Lipids .(phospholipids)
Where .is .the .concentration .of .[K+] .greater:
- .in .the .cytoplasm
- .in .the .extracellular .fluid .- .Correct . .Answer .- .In .the .cytoplasm
Across .a .cell's .plasma .membrane, .movement .of .water .is ._______________. .- .Correc
t . .Answer .- .passive .through .a .channel
Where .is .the .concentration .of .[Na+] .greater:
- .in .the .cytoplasm
- .in .the .extracellular .fluid .- .Correct . .Answer .- .In .the .extracellular .fluid
For .a .neutrally .charged .molecule, ."Active" .transport .means .that .the .molecules .move .
across .a .membrane: .- .Correct . .Answer .- .from .a .low .concentration .to .a .high .concentr
ation
What .molecule .is .the .source .of .energy .for .primary .active .transport .to .occur? .- .Correc
t . .Answer .- .ATP
T/F: .There .is .only .one .type .of .channel .in .cell .membranes. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
T/
F: .Regarding .primary .active .transport, .solutes .move .from .a .compartment .of .low .conc
entration .to .a .compartment .of .high .concentration. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .Regarding .secondary .active .transport .of .glucose, .the .movement .of .glucose .is .from
.a .compartment .of .high .concentration .to .a .compartment .of .low .concentration. .- .Correc
t . .Answer .- .False
,T/
F: .All .transport .through .membrane .channels .is .classified .as ."Active" .transport. .- .Corre
ct . .Answer .- .False
T/
F: .Electrolytes .are .pumped .and .leak .across .cell .membranes .simultaneously .but .indep
endently. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
At .what .point .in .time .does .the .electrochemical .equilibrium .potential .exist? .- .Correct . .
Answer .- .at .equilibrium
What .is .a .major .factor .that .regulates .an .electrolyte's .electrochemical .equilibrium .pote
ntial .across .a .cell .membrane? .- .Correct . .Answer .- .Concentration .(chemical) .gradient
T/
F: .The .electrochemical .equilibrium .potential .for .a .single .highly .permeant .ion .species .i
s .controlled .by .the .concentration .gradient. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .Movement .of .a .charged .electrolyte .is .determined .by .the .major .forces .of .voltage .pl
us .chemical .concentration .gradients .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .The .cellular .K+ .Electrochemical .Equilibrium .Potential .is .regulated .by .concentration .
differences .across .plasma .membranes, .assuming .that .the .membrane's .relative .perme
ability .to .K+ .is .very .high. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .true
Which .of .these .ion .choices .is .primarily .responsible .for .establishing .a .typical .cell .mem
brane's ."resting" .potential?
- .Mg++
- .Na+
- .K+ .- .Correct . .Answer .- .K+
T/F: .Excessive .extracellular .acid .(i.e., .
[H+] .) .will .raise .the .concentration .of .extracellular .potassium .ion .concentration. .- .Corre
ct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .Cell .Membrane .Potential .is .controlled .by .the .relative .degree .of .ion .permeability .as .
well .as .ion .concentration .gradients .existing .across .a .cell's .plasma .membrane. .- .Corre
ct . .Answer .- .True
T/
F: .Rhabdomyolysis .can .lead .to .cardiac .muscle .cell .pathology .as .the .result .of .creating
.a .condition .of .hyperkalemia .
(excessive .K+ .concentration .in .the .plasma). .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
, T/F: .A .normal .lean .person .consists .of .~ .95% .water. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
~60% .water
T/F: .Most .of .the .sodium .in .the .body .is .inside .the .cells. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
It .is .extracellular
T/
F: .The .capillary .is .the .main .barrier .between .the .intracellular .and .extracellular .fluids .- .
Correct . .Answer .- .False
The .cell .wall .
(plasma .membrane .separates .intracellular .and .extracellular .fluid. .The .capillary .separa
tes .the .interstitium .and .the .plasma, .both .sub- .compartments .of .the .extracellular .fluid.
T/
F: .To .measure .the .volume .of .the .entire .extracellular .fluid .compartment, .we .use .a .sub
stance .that .moves .freely .across .the .capillary .but .cannot .enter .the .cell. .- .Correct . .Ans
wer .- .True
An .example .is .insulin
T/
F: .Water .and .small .solutes .move .across .the .capillary .wall .by .active .transport. .- .Corre
ct . .Answer .- .False
All .movement .across .the .capillary .wall .is .passive, .driven .by .hydrostatic .and .colloid .os
motic .(oncotic) .pressures.
T/
F: .The .osmolality .of .the .body .fluids .is .greater .when .all .the .solutes .are .large. .- .Correc
t . .Answer .- .False
The .total .number .of .particles, .irrespective .of .size, .determines .osmolality.
T/F: .All .water .movement .in .and .out .of .cell .is .passive. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True
Water .movement .is .drive .by .solute .(osmotic) .gradients .across .the .cell .wall
T/F: .Sodium .
(Na) .is .effectively .impermeable .at .the .cell .wall. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .True .
Any .Na .that .does .enter .the .cell .will .be .immediately .removed .by .the .Sodium .potassiu
m .ATPase .in .the .cell .wall.
T/
F: .Eating .a .meal .high .in .salt, .without .drinking .any .water .will .lead .to .an .increase .in .bo
th .intracellular .and .extracellular .fluid .volume. .- .Correct . .Answer .- .False
This .is .a .Hypertonic .expansion: .Ingest .NaCl .stays .extracellular, .increases .the .ECF .os
molality, .H2O .moves .OUT .of .cells .to .restore .osmotic .equilibrium.
Decrease .in .ICFV, .increase .in .ECFV.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Wisdoms. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now