Exam (elaborations)
SANS FOR578 QUETIONS AND ANSWERS
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Exam of 8 pages for the course SANS at SANS (SANS FOR578)
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SANS FOR578intelligence - answerCollection, processing and analysis of information - Both process
and product
Intelligence Sources - answerHUMINT
GEOINT
MASINT
SIGINT
OSINT
Counterintelligence - answerIdentification, assesment, neutralization and exploitation of
intell activities of adversary
Kent´s analytical doctrine - answer1) Focus on policmaker concern
2) Avoidance of a personal policy Agenda
3) Intellectual rigor
4) Conscious effort to avoid analytical biases
5) Willingness to consider other Judgements
6) Systematic use of outside expertise
7) Collective responsibility for judgement
8) Effective communication of policy-support information and judgements
9) Candid admission of mistakes
Analysis - answerA detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
Data driven analysis - answerDrawing inferences based on examination of the intrinsic
structure of data.
Requires good datasets and straightforward problems.
Is logically driven and easily replicated.
Conceptually driven analysis - answerNumerous unknowns and undefined variables
and relationsships.
Often immidiate interpretation of complex concepts.
Accuracy driven by mental models and feedback over time.
Working memory - answerSystem that processes inputs and determines whether or not
they are important, encoding them for long-term or short-term memory storage
Pattern recognition - answerCognitive process that matches information from external
sources to information that is stored in long-term memory.
, Template matching - answerEvery object and experience is processed by brain and
stored as a template in long-term memory. When presented with situation, long-term
memory is searched for matching template from the past.
Prototype matching - answerWhen presented with situation, long-term memory is
searched for AVERAGE or similiar templates reffered as a "prototype". More flexible
then template matching and better for working with incomplete information.
Top Down - answerUsing previous knowledge (could be contextual) to fill in gaps when
we do not have complete information.
System I thinking - answerIntiutive thinking, fast, effective, often accurate but prone to
errors. Draws on available knowledge and experience and existing mental modes.
System II thinking - answer"Analyttical thinking". slow, methodical and conscious.
Involves analytic processes like scientific method or structured analytical techniques.
Mental Models - answerSystem I thinking.
Experience base asumptions and expectations of the way the world operates
Structured Analytical Techniques - answerAlmost al include Decomposition (breaking
problem into components) and Visualization (capturing parts of problem in
organized/visual manner)
6 distinct families:
- Getting Organized
- Reframing Techniques
- Exploration Techniques
- Foresight Techniques
- Diagnostic Techniques
- Decision Support Techniques
Intelligence Cycle - answerPlanning and Direction
- identification and prioritization of intell gaps and requirements, creation of plan
Collection
- execution of plan and data collection to fiil intell gaps
Processing and exploitation
- preparation needed for raw data collected (filtering, transformation into different
format)
Analysis and Production
- Use of SATs to evaluate processed information to fill intell gaps and meet
requirements
Dissemination
- distribution of intelligence to costumer
Field of View Bias from collection - answerSecurity firms collectiong from costumers in
US will see different data and threats thene security firm in EU/IRAN etc.
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