what are the two ways you can study the bodily compartments - ✔️✔️1. anatomically
- the body cavities
2. functional compartments
- ECF and ICF
what are the 3 main body cavities - ✔️✔️cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic
what separates the ICF from the ECF - ✔️✔️plasma membrane
originally, the cell membrane was proposed to consist of ____ - ✔️✔️a single layer of lipids separating
aqueous fluids of interior and outside environment
what are the four main functions of the cell membrane - ✔️✔️1. physical isolation
- barrier separating ICF and ECF
2. regulation of exchange with the environment
- controls entry, elimination, and release (semi-permeable)
3. communication between the cell and its environment
- contains proteins that allow for responding or interaction with external environment
4. structural support
the cell membrane is mainly composed of - ✔️✔️lipid, protein, and a small amount of carbohydrate
in general, the more metabolically active the membrane is, the more_____it contains - ✔️✔️proteins
-needs enzymes to undergo chemical reactions; enzymes are considered proteins
,are all membranes created the same - ✔️✔️no; ratios between proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
depends on that particular's membrane's function.
what are the three lipids found in the cell membrane - ✔️✔️1. phospholipids
2. sphingolipids
3. cholesterol
what is the main type of lipid found in the membrane - ✔️✔️phospholipids
phospholipids have a ____head - ✔️✔️polar/charged
what types of membranes can phospholipids form - ✔️✔️bilayers, micelles, and liposomes
how do phospholipids arrange themselves - ✔️✔️The water-loving phosphate heads face outward and all
of the water-fearing fatty acid tails face inward
amphipathic molecules are what - ✔️✔️having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
all three types of lipids are said to be what - ✔️✔️amphipathic
when placed in water, what do phospholipids do - ✔️✔️they orient themselves hydrophilic head interacts
with water molecules and hydrophobic tails hide
what are micelles - ✔️✔️Micelles are tiny droplets created when the hydrophilic heads of a set of lipids
react with the water and form hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic tails interact with themselves
what are micelles important for - ✔️✔️lipid digestion
what are liposomes - ✔️✔️have an aqueous center like a bilayer. Spherical
, what are liposomes used for - ✔️✔️drug delivery. we fill the aqueous center with a drug. when the
liposome fuses with the membrane, the medication fuses into the cell
describe the molecular components of phospholipids - ✔️✔️glycerol backbone
polar phosphate head
fatty acid tails
what are sphingolipids - ✔️✔️slightly larger phospholipids with longer tails so they stick out of the
membrane
what are sphingolipids associated with - ✔️✔️lipid rafts used for cell signaling.
describe the structure of sphingolipids - ✔️✔️sphingosine backbone, fatty acid tail. Then at the head, you
either have a phosphate group or a sugar
what is cholesterol - ✔️✔️A waxy, fat like substance
they head of cholesterol are slightly ____ - ✔️✔️polar
in the cell membrane, what is the role of cholesterol - ✔️✔️increasing viscosity, adds strength, decreases
the permeability, allows the membrane to stiffen up, but also increases flexibility at the same time (if it
were just phospholipids, the membrane would be too fluid that if it flexed it would break)
how do cholesterol situate themselves in the membrane - ✔️✔️between the heads of the phospholipids
or sphingolipids
the current cell membrane model is known as the - ✔️✔️fluid mosaic model
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