What is a population? - A defined species in a specific location at a specific time
Quadrat sampling - For non-mobile populations; calculates the small area of population
Why do we study populations? - To understand the dynamics of how a population is
maintained and how to manage a population
Mark and recapture - For mobile populations; capturing and marking organisms, then
recapturing them and counting how many are marked
Mark and Recapture Calculations - N= MxC/R
% error - theoretical-experimental/theoretical x 100
What are the 3 domains? - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Prokaryotes - - lack a membrane-bound nucleus
- lack nucleus
- in domain bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotes - - Have a nucleus/nuclear membrane
- Membrane-bound organelles
- In domain Eukarya
Gram staining - A process by which components of bacterial cell walls are bound to
Gram's stain. Depending on the amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, bacteria
stain differently and are classified as Gram-negative or Gram-positive.
gram positive - bacteria that retains a crystal violet dye after rinsing
gram negative - bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye after being washed with
ethanol
dilution factor - - In order to estimate the number of bacteria in 0.1ml milk, we will need
to dilute the sample
- amount of added substance/ Volume substance + Volume solvent
serial dilutions - original inoculum is diluted several times to ensure colony counts within
range
Protists - - Most are unicellular, some are colonial or actually multicellular
- Found in the presence of water
, - They are important in food chains (especially algae)
- Can be autotrophic, heterotrophic or mixotrophic and can reproduce sexually or
asexually
What are the 5 kingdoms - - Animalia
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Monera
- Protista
Supergroup 1 - Excavata
Excavata - - lacks normal mitochondria
- unicellular
- have 2 or more flagella
- free-living, symbiotic
Parabasalid Clade - - part of Excavata
- have a flagella and a parabasal apparatus (helps support the Golgi apparatus, found
next to the nucleus)
- Trichomonas (STD)
- asexual
- heterotrophic
Euglenozoan Clade - - Part of Excavata
- Have 2 flagella (one short & one long), parasitic or free-living
- Euglena
- heterotrophic
- asexual
- mixotrophic
Kinetoplastid Clade - - Unique kinetoplast (collection of DNA and proteins) inside
organism's only mitochondrion
- excavate
- asexual
- heterotrophic
Supergroup 2 - SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata & Rhizaria)
SAR - - unicellular
- flagella/cilia/pseudopodia
Alveolata Clade - - Have unique flagella with hair-like projections
- Bacillariophycae (diatoms) - Have a two-piece shell of silica
- paramecium
- unicellular
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