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CHEM 422 - PSHMC MLS STUDY SET EXAM
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CHEM 422 - PSHMC MLS STUDY SET EXAM Name the 6 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary: - A nswer ACTH, GH, TSH, PRL, LH, FSH Name the 2 hormones produced by the posterior pituitary: - An swer ADH, Oxytocin Decreased levels of ____ hormone causes diabetes insipidus. - Answer ADH ______ hormone = uterine contractions and milk letdown during childb irth - Answer oxytocin Difference between exocrine and endocrine: - Answer Exocrine = secreted into ducts (like saliva, or GI) Endocrine = secreted into blood What is an "intracrine" factor/hormone? - Answer Works inside of a cell (cell stimulates itself inside of itself) How is "Ultradian" and "Infradian" different from circadian rhythm? - Answer Ultradian = faster cycle than circadian rhythm. Infradian = longer cycle than circadian rhythm. What category of hormones do these belong in: Cortisol, Aldosterone, Androgens, Progesterone, Estrogens. - Answe r Steroids What category of hormones do these belong in: ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL , GH, HCG, PTH, ADH, Oxytocin. - Answer Protein/polypeptides What category of hormones do these belong in: T3, T4, Catecholami ne, Serotonin. - Answer Amino acid-derived What class of hormones are hydrophobic, pass freely through me mbrane, and bind with intracellular receptors? - Answer Steroids What class of horomones circulate freely (unbound to protein), bind cell membrane surface receptors, and stimulate another messenger system inside th e target cell? - Answer Protein/polypeptides What class of proteins circulate bound to proteins (and sometime s freely) and bind to cell membrane receptors to stimulate another messenger system inside the target cell? - Answer Amino acid-derived _____ from hypothalamus stimulates pituitary to produce _____, which stimulate s adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones (such as cortisol). - Answer CR H (corticotropin-releasing hormone), ACTH Steroids are made from _______. - Answer Cholesterol Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and estradiol are all a typ e of _____ . - Answer steroid What is the term used for a disorder when the cause is due to m edical treatment (ex: wrong dose given)? - Answer Iatrogenic Relative hypersecretion of ADH = likely ________. - Answer dehydration What is "Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH" (SIADH)? - Answer When ADH is elevate d even though serum osmolality and blood volume is NL (can be du e to tumors producing ADH, or due to drugs) What is panhypopituitarism? - Answer Problem with the anterior pituit ary with decreased levels of all the pituitary hormones. an be due to tumo rs, surgery, SHEEHAN SYNDROM, SIMMOND'S disease, etc. What is Simmond's Disease? - Answer Damage (surgery, tumor, infection, i njury) to pituitary. Symptoms = extreme weight loss, general debility, dry sk in, bradycardia,hypotension, atrophy of the genitalia and breast s, and prematuresenility What is Sheehan's syndrome? - Answer Pituitary infarction after a postpa rtum hemorrhage (a clot breaks off and migrates to pituitary glan d -> hypoxic). Causes failure to lactate (reduced prolactin) and postpartum amenorrhea. Which cells in the thyroid are the secretory cells (secrete T3/T4) ? - Answer Follicular cells The colloid in the thyroid is surrounded by follicular cells and is most ly composed of ______. - Answer Thyroglobulin Which cells cluster along the interfollicular spaces in the thyroi d and help regulate Ca, Phos, and produce calcitonin? - Answer Parafollicular cells (C cells) Restlessness and insomnia can occur from overproduction of what hormones? - Answer Thyroid hormones Low _________ levels in pregnant women may increase the risk of miscarriage, premature delivery, anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, and pre -eclampsia. Also causes post-partum depression. - Answer thyroid (T3/4) What organ uses 90% of the body's iodine? - Answer Thyroid When TSH stimulates the thyroid, which 4 molecules/hormones are re leased? - Answer T3, T4, DIT (diiodotyrosine), and MIT (monoiodotyrosine). More T4 i s secreted than T3. How is most of the T3 in the body made? - Answer peripheral conversion Diiodotyrosine/DIT gets converted to ___ wile monoiodotyrosine/MIT get s converted to ___. - Answer T4, T3 Does T3 or T4 have the most metabolic activity? - Answer T3 Most of the serum T3 and T4 are ____ (free/bound to protein) - Answer bound to proteins (inactive) Ex: thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding albumin (TBA), t ransthyretin (TTR), or thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) Free T4 is usually ___% and T3 is ___% - Answer 0.03, 0.5 Clinical conditions that influence hepatic production or rena l clearance of binding proteins will affect levels of _____ (free/total) thyroid hormones but not the _____ (free/total) hormones. - Answer total, free Pregnancy, estrogen administration, acute hepatitis, acute inter mittent porphyria, and certain drugs can ___ (increase/decrease) thyroid-binding pro teins. - Answer Increase Chronic liver disease, malnutrition, androgen administration, neph rosis, hereditary TBG deficiency, acromegaly, and glucocorticoids can ___ (increase/de crease) thyroid-binding proteins. - Answer decrease What condition do the following symptoms represent? -Heat intolerance -Flushed skin -Inc. perspiration -Inc. appetite -Muscle weakness and wasting -Weight loss -Onycholysis -Lid lag -Proptosis -Palpitations -High heart rate -Shortness of breath -Atrial fibrillation -Higher systolic BP -Restlessness -Nervousness -Fatigue -Tremors - Answer Hyperthyroidism What condition do the following symptoms represent? -Cold intolerance -Dry coarse pale skin -Lethargy -Weakness -Weight gain -Slow speech -Myxedema (thick skin, lower BP) -Slow heart rate -Heart failure and enlargement -Apathy -Sluggish _Low reflexes -Constipation - Answer Hypothyroidism Describe the pathway of hormones that stimulates the thyroid. - Ans wer Hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) -> pituitary produc es TSH -> thyroid releases T4 and T3 (most of T3 is derived) and functions of organ s. Excess T3/4 provide negative feedback to pituitary and hypothalamus. Most hormones are measured using ___. - Answer Chemiluminescence immun oassay (CIA)The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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