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health psych midterm UCI 2024
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health psych midterm UCI 2024
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health psych midterm UCI 2024 Chapter 1 - Introduction to Health Psychology1. What are the three leading causes of death in the U.S. currently and in the past?: Currently (2019):
1.Heart disease
2.cancer
3.Unintentional injury
In the past (1900):
1.Pneumonia
2.Tuberculosis
3.Diarrhea and enteritis
2.2. What are some main ethnic differences in health and life expectancy?: The number 1 cause of death for non-Hispanic Asians is cancer. It is heart disease for all other ethnicities.
The number 3 cause of death for non-Hispanic Asians is stroke. It is unintentional injury for all other ethnicities.
In general, European Americans have a much higher life expectancy than African Americans but a similar life expectancy to Hispanic Americans.
Hispanic paradox.
3.3. What are some reasons why there may be differences between ethnicities in health?: there are ethnic differences in: Income educatio
n
access to medical insurance/care
4.4. What is the Hispanic paradox?: The research finding that Hispanics in the
U.S. tend to paradoxically have substantially better health than the average popula- tion in spite of what their aggregate socioeconomic indicators would predict.
5.biopsychosocial model: Works better than the biomedicl model in addressing the biggest health concerns of today (chronic illnesses).
The approach to health that includes biological, psychological, and social influences. This model holds that many diseases result from a combination of factors such as genetics, physiology, social support, personal control, stress, compliance, person- ality, poverty, ethnic background, and cultural beliefs.
Defines health as a positive state of well-being, not simply the absence of
illness.
6.Biomedical model: It worked effectively for 1900 public health concerns related to diseases.
the traditional view of Western medicine, which defines health as the absence of disease. This view conceptualizes disease solely as a biological process that is a result of exposure to a specific pathogen, a disease-causing organism.
7.6. What is health psychology?: Field of psychology that contributes to both behavioral medicine and behavioral health.
The scientific study of behaviors that relate to health enhancement, disease pre- vention, and rehabilitation.
8.Chapter 2 - Conducting Health Research:
9.placebos: Inactive substance or condition that has the appearance of an active treatment and that may cause participants to improve or change due to the belief in the placebo's ability to make a difference.
10.nocebos: Negative effects that can be produced by a placebo.
Example: A sugar pill that you believe is an active drug - you may experience side effects that you think would be part of the side effects of an actual drug
11.2. What is the sham knee surgery study and what did it find?: Arthroscopic knee surgery:
-Half received anesthesia and real knee surgery.
-Half received anesthesia and a sham knee surgery (only a cut)
-(Didn't know the condition for years)
Found: The sham surgery was at least as effective as the actual surgery
in relieving knee pain.
12.3. Research designs (single blind and double blind research designs): sin- gle blind: participant doesn't know which condition they are in. Double blind: neither participant nor experimenter know what condition the partici- pant is in. Superior design. Reduces bias
13.4. What is the difference between experimental and correlational stud- ies?: experimental design: comparing an experimental group with a control group (independant variable and dependant variable). may show causation.
Correlational studies: designed to assess the strength of the relationship between two variables. CANNOT show causation.
14.5. What is the difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional stud- ies?: longitudinal studies: follow a group of participants over time and take multiple measurements.
Cross-sectional studies: measures different age groups at one time.
15.6. What is epidemiology?: The study of factors contributing to the occurrence of a disease in a particular population
16.7. Who was John Snow and how did he help reduce the rates of cholera?-
: Cholera epidemic in London in 1848.
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