CSU MIP 302 Final || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
What bacteria inhabit extreme environments? correct answers often archaebacteria, or "ancient" bacteria
How does archaebacteria differ from eubacteria or "true" bacteria? correct answers they differ in cell wall and cell membrane composition, ribosome composition and shape, tRNA structure and RNA polymerase sequences
What are thermophiles? correct answers bacteria that inhabit environments with elevated temperatures
What are hyper or super thermophiles? correct answers bacteria that inhabit environments with super elevated temperatures, higher than thermophiles
What are psychrophiles? correct answers bacteria that inhabit cold environments
What are acidophiles? correct answers microbes that survive in acidic environments
What are alkalophiles? correct answers microbes that survive in basic conditions
What are neutrophiles? correct answers microbes that prefer neutral pH conditions
What are halophiles? correct answers microbes that inhabit high salt environments
What are barophiles? correct answers microbes that live in environments with elevated barometric pressure
What are 5 forms of microbial metabolism? correct answers aerobic respiration, photosynthesis, fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and chemolithotrophy
Humans typically use which form of metabolism for energy? correct answers aerobic respiration
Plants typically use which form of metabolism for energy? correct answers photosynthesis
What microbial metabolic pathway can be used by humans, animals, or plants? correct answers fermentation
What microbial metabolic pathways can occur in the absence of oxygen? correct answers fermentation and anaerobic respiration
What are facultative anaerobes? correct answers use aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen, but can use fermentation or anaerobic respiration in absence of oxygen
What are obligate anaerobes? correct answers they survive in the total absence of atmospheric oxygen, and will die if atmospheric oxygen is present What is the electron, energy, and carbon sources in both fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration? correct answers organic compounds
When is ATP generated during fermentation? correct answers ATP is generated during glycolysis, and during oxidation of NADH to NAD when pyruvate or a derivative of pyruvate acts as the final electron acceptor
When is ATP generated in anaerobic respiration? correct answers ATP is generated during glycolysis, and during oxidative phosphorylation in which an inorganic compound other than oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor
What is chemolithotrophy? correct answers where inorganic compounds serve as the energy and electron source, carbon is obtained from an inorganic source such as carbon dioxide, and an electron transport chain is used where the final electron acceptor is often atmospheric oxygen, making most of these microbes aerobic
What is the energy source, electron source, and carbon source in aerobic respiration, fermentation, and anaerobic respiration? correct answers sugars
What is the energy source in photosynthesis? correct answers light energy
What are the two types of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis? correct answers Cyclic photophosphorylation uses CO2 as a carbon source (autotrophs) and Non-Cyclic phosophosphorylation is used in the Calvin Cycle for synthesis of organic compounds (dark reaction)
In chemosynthesis, what are the electron donors for autotrophs? correct answers usually reduced,
inorganic electron donors, including H2, NO2-, NH4+, S^0, H2S
What is the carbon source in chemosynthesis for autotrophs? correct answers usually CO2 (autotrophs), and the Calvin cycle is used to fix the CO2 and synthesize organic compounds, where NAD+ is reduced to NADH and costs ATP
In chemosynthesis, what are the electron donors for heterotrophs? correct answers they use an organic donor and these bacteria do not use the Calvin cycle to synthesize organic compounds, but instead use biosynthetic pathways similar to those used by other heterotrophs
What is the carbon source in chemosynthesis for heterotrophs? correct answers they use the biosynthetic pathway in the modified electron transport chain to convert NADH and NAD into each other and produces ATP, where O2 is the final electron acceptor and gets reduced to water
What are three different types of media? correct answers All-purpose media, Differential media, and Selective media What is all-purpose media? correct answers a media that allows for the growth of most bacteria (examples: tryptic soy agar (TSA) and tryptic soy broth (TSB))
What is differential media? correct answers a media that allows for the growth of most bacteria, however some bacteria have a characteristic appearance on this type of media that allows them to
be differentiated from other bacteria - and the differences in appearance of the bacteria is usually due to some biochemical property of bacteria such as the ability to ferment sugars or use certain organic molecules as a source of energy
What is selective media? correct answers a media that allows for growth of only certain types of bacteria, while inhibiting the growth of others - bacteria may fail to grow because the media lacks something they require for growth or are inhibited by a chemical component in the media
What are aerobic bacteria? correct answers bacteria that requires atmospheric oxygen
What are microaerophilic bacteria? correct answers bacteria that require atmospheric oxygen, but
at reduced levels
What are facultative anaerobes? correct answers bacteria that grow with or without oxygen
What are obligate anaerobes? correct answers bacteria that grow only in the total absence of atmospheric oxygen
What is ambient air? correct answers normal, atmospheric air
What type of an environment does a candle jar create? correct answers it creates an atmosphere that has a reduced level of atmospheric oxygen and an increased level of carbon dioxide - a lit candle is placed in the jar, along with a wet paper towel, and the lid is put on tightly and as the candle burns it uses up a lot of the oxygen in the jar and the humid atmosphere remains constant containing a certain amount of oxygen and CO2 (more oxygen than CO2)
What type of environment does a GasPak jar create? correct answers it creates an anaerobic environment, where the environment is absent of oxygen and is a totally reduced environment
What is the environment that contains atmospheric oxygen called? What is the environment that contains no atmospheric oxygen called? correct answers an oxidized environment, a reduced environment
How is a GasPak created? correct answers by placing the gaspak in a jar and sealing the jar very tight
How does a GasPak work? correct answers when exposed to air it becomes activated and various
chemical reactions begin and the reactions reduce free oxygen and produce carbon dioxide thus creating an atmosphere devoid of free oxygen
