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N450 quiz 1 (1).
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Exam of 5 pages for the course N450 - Ch. 3 - Principles of Geriatrics at N450 - Ch. 3 - Principles of Geriatrics (N450 quiz 1 (1).)
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N450 quiz 1what does an MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) do? - ANS-evaluates renal blood vessels
and kidneys
-arterial supply to kidneys
what does an MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) use? - ANS-gadolinium (contrast dye)
does gandolinium contain iodine? - ANS-no
what are contraindications for an MRA? - ANS--metal implants
-pacemakers
-metal joints
-old tattoos
what is the gold standard for renal artery stenosis? - ANS-renal arteriogram/angiogram (bc it
shows narrowing)
what does a renal arteriogram/angiogram do? - ANS-outlines arteries and shows blood Flow
what is used with a renal arteogram/angiogram - ANS-contrast
-check for allergy to iodine or shellfish
how is a renal angiogram/arteriogram done? - ANS-dye is injected into the renal arteries
through a long catheter
what is a potential issue with a renal arterigram/angiogram? - ANS-contrast-induced
nephropathy (treatment = bicarb)
what is prep for a renal arteriogram/angiogram? - ANS--bowel prep
-hydrate
-discontinue NSAIDS 24-48 hrs prior
-stop metformin and ahminoglycosides
what is a doppler ultrasound used for? - ANS-renal artery stenosis
is a doppler ultrasound invasive? - ANS-no
what does a doppler ultrasound find? - ANS-blockage and measure severity
what is a renal scan (nuclear scan)? - ANS--injection of radioisotope into a vein
- monitors journey of radioisotope as it goes through the blood vessels of the kidney
, what should be done post-renal scan? - ANS-drink a lot of water to flush out the isotope
what are diagnostics for diabetic nephropathy? - ANS--keep track of hg A1C
-BUN, creatinine, Na, K, electrolytes
-avoid nephrotoxic agents (radio contrast dye, ahminoglycosides, abx, gentamicin, NSAIDS)
how do you figure out the cause of chronic glomerulonephritis? - ANS-renal biopsy
what are contraindications for renal biopsy? - ANS--morbid obesity (due to accessibility of the
organ)
-bleeding tendencies
-uncontrolled HTN
-solitary kidney (only 1 kidney)
what is done prior to the renal biopsy? - ANS-coagulation studies
what is preferred with PKD? - ANS-ultrasonography
what will you see on a urinalysis when someone has acute kidney injury/failure? - ANS--U.O =
scantly to normal
-hematauria may be present
-low spec. grab, na, calcium, and bicarb
-urine may have protein/casts
what is the first test done for acute kidney injury/failure? - ANS-kidney ultrasound because they
dont want to use a nephrotoxic contrast
why is an MRI/MRA not a go-to for acute kidney injury/failure? - ANS-because gadolinium can
cause nephrogenic fibrosis
what is the best way to confirm the cause of acute kidney injury? - ANS-renal biopsy
what is polyuria? - ANS-excess urine output (>3L/day)
what is oliguria? - ANS-<400mL / day
what is anuria? - ANS-<50 mL / day
what is diuresis? - ANS-high output (5-10L / day)
what is a KUB? - ANS-xray of the abdomen
what does a KUB show? - ANS-reveals the shape of the organ and can show abnormalities
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