PSIO BLOCK 2 EXAM Review | July Update
Homeostasis ** Answ** the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes
What are the 2 types of feedback circuits? ** Answ** 1. Negative feedback loop
...
Homeostasis ** Answ** the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between
interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes
What are the 2 types of feedback circuits? ** Answ** 1. Negative feedback loop
2. Positive feedback loop/cumulative causation
Negative feedback loop ** Answ** changes in monitored parameter cause control
mechanism to work to counteract further changes of the parameter in the same
direction
result: change triggers reversal of detected change
Positive feedback loop ** Answ** changes in monitored parameter cause control
mechanism to word to cause/amplify changes of the parameter in the same direction
result: change triggers amplification of detected change
What are the 3 components of homeostatic control? Functions? ** Answ** 1.
receptors: sense changes in the internal or external environment
2. control center: processes information gathered from receptors and sends a response
to effectors
3. effector: adjusts the regulated parameter
What regulates Ca++ in blood? ** Answ** 1. thyroid and parathyroid glands
2. bones
3. kidneys
4. intestines
Roles of Ca++ ** Answ** bone formation, muscle contraction, membrane excitbaility,
blood clotting, intracellular activity
What hormones are involved to regulate Ca++? ** Answ** calcitonin: increased
mineralization of bone & decreased renal reabsorption of Ca++ [decreases Ca++]
PTH: increased demineralization of bond, & increased intestinal absorption and
increased renal reabsorption of Ca++ [increases Ca++]
For assistance with assignments contact informationhimher@gmail.com
, Clacium level in blood ** Answ** 8.5-11 MG
pH level ** Answ** 7.4
Glucose in blood ** Answ** 90 MG
What regulates blood glucose? ** Answ** pancreas
What regulates blood pH? ** Answ** respiratory and renal systems
How does the respiratory system regulate pH? ** Answ** rapid breathing: increases
pH
slow breathing: decrease pH
What regulates breathing? ** Answ** medulla and pons
How does the renal system regulate pH? ** Answ** secretion and/or reabsorption of
H+ and bicarbonate
H+ ions are secreted/bicarbonate is reabsorbed; increase pH
Fick's diffusion equation ** Answ** Rate of diffusion = k x A x (P2-P1)/D
Diffusion rates vary with changes in: ** Answ** 1. area: increasing SA increases
diffusion rate
2. Gradient: increasing concentration gradient of the diffusing solute increases diffusion
rate
3. distance: increasing diffusion distance decreases diffusion rate
Diffusion vs convection ** Answ** diffusion: passive movement of molecules or
particles down a gradient
convection: bulk transport
What are the 4 modes of heat transfer? ** Answ** 1. conduction
2. convection
3. radiation
4. evaporation
Conduction ** Answ** direct molecular transfer of energy from a warmer surface to a
cooler surface
Convection ** Answ** conduction coupled to air or fluid movement (ex: wind chill)
Radiation ** Answ** emission of photons from any surface above a temperature of
absolute zero
For assistance with assignments contact informationhimher@gmail.com
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller smartchoices. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
