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Organic Chemistry Terms With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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Organic Chemistry Terms With Complete SolutionsLatest Update
Definition homologous series - correct answers The members of a series of organic compounds which differ
from one another in the number of carbon atoms they contain
definition functional group - correct answers A small group of atoms attached to a carbon atom in a molecule,
giving characteristic properties to the compound
definition substituent group - correct answers A functional group that branches off of the longest chain in an
organic compound
definition hydrocarbon skeleton - correct answers The part of the molecule containing only carbon and
hydrogen, whose size increases further up a series
traits of a homologous series - correct answers - its members have the same functional group and can be
represented by the same general formula
- successive members have an additional CH(2) group
- its members show a gradation in their physical properties
- its members have similar chemical properties
traits of
1. empirical formula
2. molecular formula
3. structural formula - correct answers 1. the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms it contains
2. the actual number of atoms of each type present in a molecule
3. the representation of the molecule showing exactly how the atoms are bonded to each other
, definition structural isomers - correct answers molecules possessing the same molecular formula but different
arrangement of atoms and therefore different structural formulas
traits of
1. full structural formula
2. condensed structural formula - correct answers 1. shows every bond and atom
2. omits bonds where they can be assumed and groups atoms together
definition stereochemical formula - correct answers A diagram of a molecule showing the relative positions of
atoms or groups around carbon in three dimensions
List three rules of condensed structural formulas - correct answers 1. Identify the longest continuous chain of
carbon atoms; this gives the stem of the name
2. Use the functional group endings as the suffix of the name
3. Use the substituent groups as the prefix of the name, keeping the rules in mind
List three rules of identifying substituent groups - correct answers 1. each substituent group is preceded by its
carbon atom number and a dash, and is followed by a dash
2. If there is more than one side chain of the same type, it is preceded by "di-, tri-, tetra-" etc. with the carbon
atom numbers separated by commas
3. sort multiple substituents first by alphabetical order, then by lowest carbon atom number to greatest
List two rules of identifying functional groups - correct answers 1. Identify the lowest possible carbon atom
number the functional group includes, then separate the stem from the suffix by dashes and the number
2. If the functional group can only exist in one place or if there is no functional group, use normal
nomenclature
definition benzenes - correct answers A planar molecule in which the six carbon atoms share electrons with
themselves and the six hydrogen atoms in a symmetrical arrangement of single and double bonds
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