Doors:
Doors are movable barriers typically used to provide access into or out of a building or room. They come in various types such as hinged, sliding, revolving, etc., and are made from materials like wood, metal, or glass. Doors often include handles, locks, and hinges for functionality and se...
GENERAL
or combination
of these materials.
Door is a frame-work of timber, steel, glass v a r i o u s imternal
asa connecting link between
lts main tunction 1s to serve
the building unit.
parts in a building provides ccess to the users of
unit. It
Like door, window is also a frame-work
of timber, steel, glass or combination
not to serve as a connecting link but to
of these materials but its function is can also
ventilation to the interior of the building. They
provide both light and
for purpose of lightonly. f so, they nmay befixd and no provision
beprovided the m case oI show
need be made for thetr opening. Such windowSarerequured as
But if window is to serve both the purposes of lighting
roems,Storage rooms etc.
and ventilation, some or all the portions ofwindow are designed with provisions
of opening or closing when requred
Doors and windows are provided with frames. Wooden or steel shutters
are
secured to the frames with the help or hinges. Attachments are also fixed
to
shutters which enable doors and windows to be closed, firom security or privacy
point of view.
18.1 SIZE OF DOORS AND WINDOWS
1. Height. Height of door is fixed on the basis that longest man may
enter or come out through the door unbent. In India, general height of the
people is generally less than 2 m, hence door height of2 m is considered most
suitable. Height of is sometimes, approximated
the door by tollowing thumb
rules also
Height of door =width of the daor + 12 metres.
Height of the window is generally kept nearly 1,10 m to 1.20 m. Bottom
still of the window is kept 750 mm to 900 mm above
the floor level and top 0
the window is always kept at level with the of top the doors fixed in the roo
Minimum height of doors is not be les8 than 180 mm.
2 Width. Width of the door is fixed on the busin of lurgost 0 or *he
object likely to use the do0or. Width of the door varies from mn
800
, 487
1 20 m. In the case of door
for a garage or for a shop, the maximum width is
generally not allowed to exceed 3 m.
Width of the window depends upon the factors like ()
dimension of the room,
(2) use of room, (3) location of the room, (4) direction
and speed of prevailing
winds, (5) climatic conditi1ons of the region and (6) local trends etc. Width of
windows to be used in general construction is kept nearly 900 mm and maximum
width most commonly in adoption is nearly 2 m. However, sometimes, very narrow
but long windows satistying the area requirement are also adopted as per local
trends. Width is also estimated from following thumb rule. Width = 0.4 to 0.6 x
Height.
18.2 NUMBER OF DOORS AND WINDows
Every room, however small it may be, will have at least one door but it is
preferable if two dors are provided in a room. Number of doors in a particular
room actually depends on the location of the room in the building unit and also
on the link of the room which owner desires with the other rooms. As regards
windows there is no hard and fast rule for number. Actually building bye-laws
have recommended certain percentage of area to be provided in the form of
windows in relation to the floor area of the room. The recommended area for
widows may be provided in the form of only one window or more than one
window. Number and size of windows also depend upon the exposed walls ot
the room and position of the room in relation to other rooms in the building
unit. Whiledeciding the size of windows and the area to be provided by windows,
following general rules should be followed.
1. Provide one m2 window opening for about 30 m3 yolume of the room.
2 Area of window openingsshould be minimum 15% of the floorareaofthe
roomt is preferable if it is kept about 20%.
3. From light consideration, àrea covered by glass panels in a window should
be at least 10% of the floora rea of the room.
These requirements are for an ordinary residential building. In case of public
required to be made.
buildings increased provisions are
18.3 LOCATION OF DOORS AND WINDOWS
in the effective
Location of doors and windows in a room has very large bearing
location of doors and windows are done by an
utilization of the room. Although,
still following general rules
architect keeping in view so many considerations,
shouldbe observed:
1Doors should as far as possible be located at or n e a r the corner of the
room.
in such a way as to cause least
2. Doors and windows should be located
disturbance to the internal decoration and privacy both.
at a height of about
3. Height of the sill of the window should be kept
80 cm from the floor level.
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