Summary

Summary HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CAESALPINIA BONDUC AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED CHRONIC HEPATOTOXICITY.

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS.

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS.

INTRODUCTION The liver is a major target for the chemical induced toxicity, as it participates in the metabolism, detoxification, and secretory functions. Liver disease is a worldwide problem and in most of the cases, liver damage is due to oxidative stress. Liver damage if not managed at the ri...

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hepatoprotective activity of aqueous

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF
CAESALPINIA BONDUC AGAINST CCL4 INDUCED CHRONIC
HEPATOTOXICITY

ABSTRACT
Objective: The leaves of Caesalpinia bonduc (CB) have been used against various disorders in folk medicine including the liver disorders. Earlier, we
have shown the hepatoprotective effect of CB in acute hepatotoxicity model. The present study was designed to evaluate the ant i-hepatotoxic and anti-
fibrotic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of CB on CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) induced chronic hepatotoxicity/fibrosis in Wistar rats.
Methods: Animals were divided into three groups namely; preventive, curative and prophylactic, which was further subdivided into four g roups each:
Group I–untreated control, group II-CCl4 control, group III-CB+CCl4 and group IV–silymarin+CCl4 . The aqueous extract of CB/silymarin was
administered orally once, daily for eight weeks in the curative group and for four weeks in preventive and prophylactic groups respectively. The
chronic liver damage/fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice a week, for four weeks in preventive and prophylactic gr oups and
for eight weeks in the curative group. Blood samples were collected for assaying serum biochemical parameters, and the liv ers were excised and
processed for histology.
Results: The data showed that supplementation of aqueous leaf extract of CB along with CCl 4 significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), total bilirubin(TB) and prothrombin time( PT) thus further
restoring the total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB) in preventive, curative and prophylactic groups when compared to CCl4 control. Significant
improvement in the microscopic structure of the liver further confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of CB o ver the liver injury and
fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats.
Conclusion: The study, therefore, suggests that aqueous extract of CB might provide a novel and alternative approach for treating the chro nic
hepatotoxicity/liver fibrosis.
Keywords: Caesalpinia bonduc, Liver, Chronic, CCl4, Fibrosis, Silymarin, Hepato-protection
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
leads to irreversible adverse changes in the liver
structure and function.
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The liver is a major target for the chemical induced
toxicity, as it participates in the metabolism, Procurement of plant materials and chemicals
detoxification, and secretory functions. Liver disease is a
worldwide problem and in most of the cases, liver Leaves of CB were collected in the month of February from “Soans farms,”
damage is due to oxidative stress. Liver damage if not Moodabidiri, Mangalore District, Karnataka, India and was authenticated by a
managed at the right time, may progress from steatosis botanist from Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College, Udupi. A voucher specimen is
to chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even deposited in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of
hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. The progressive and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal (PP 585). CCl4 was procured from Merck Ltd.
chronic liver assault triggers the progressive wound Mumbai, silymarin and other chemicals (ascorbic acid, 2,2’-diphenyl-
healing response which results in the irreversible 1picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), Masson’s trichrome staining reagents) and assay kits for
excessive production of collagen fiber and alteration of assessing the (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, Bilirubin, TriniCLOT PTEXCEL and
the extracellular matrix complex [2-4]. Although the albumin) were procured from Durga laboratory Mangalore.
precise mechanisms of the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis Preparation of aqueous extract (Hot maceration method)
are incompletely understood, the role of free radicals and
lipid peroxides in inducing this has garnered Leaves of CB were shade dried and powered. Leaf powder (200 g) was then
considerable attention [5]. dissolved in 1500 ml of distilled water, and a decoction was prepared at 75-80 °C.
The decoction was then cooled and filtered. Finally, the filtrate was evaporated to
The active management of liver disease is a major dryness using lyophilizer.
concern in medical science as there are no reliable drugs
available in modern medicine. Thus, there is a Preparation of the test material
phenomenal increase in the search for the effective Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) stock solution was prepared by dissolving 250
natural products worldwide to treat or to prevent liver mg of CMC in 100 ml of PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution). Dilution of aqueous
toxicity. Keeping up with the pace, we have undertaken extract of CB is prepared by dissolving 500 mg of aqueous extract in 10 ml CMC
the screening of the hepatoprotective activity of the of 0.25 % w/v.
leaves of locally available thorny plant-Kantakikaranja α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
(Caesalpinia bonduc) (CB). CB belongs to the family scavenging assay
Fabaceae, and this plant is found in the coastal areas of
South Asian countries. Different parts of this plant are DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured by the
used for various purposes in ethnopharmacology. The spectrophotometric method [7]. To measure the DPPH
leaves of CB are used extensively in folk medicine for live scavenging activity of CB, 50 µl of DPPH and 50 µl CB in
ailments. However, there are no scientific evidence to methanol was taken at the concentration of 200 µg/ml
prove its hepatoprotective properties. Earlier we have and serially diluted(25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.625 µg/ml).
shown that the CB can effectively prevent the acute An equal amount of DPPH and ascorbic acid in methanol
hepatotoxicity [6]. The hepatoprotective effect of CB in was taken as the positive control. They were further
chronic hepatotoxicity is not experimented upon. incubated for 20 min, the decrease in absorbance of the
Therefore, the present study was designed to understand test mixture (Due to quenching of DPPH free radicals)
the role of CB in chronic hepatotoxicity conditions which was read at 517 nm and the percentage inhibition was
calculated using the formula given below [8]:

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