1 | P a g e LETRS UNIT 2 EXAM UPDATE 202 4-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |GRADED A+ If you've heard a word spoken in your environment, you will recognize that word more rapidly when you see it in print. How? - Answer: this requires coordination between the phonological and orthographic processors. If you know what they were means and i have seen it in print, you can recognize or recall its pronunciation more automatically. How? - Answer: in this instance, the meaning processor, orthographic processor, and phonological processor work together. If you analyze the syllables in individual sounds in the word, the words meaning can be more easily stored in semantic memory. - Answer: this activate the phonological processor and meaning processor. If you can analyze and manipulated the specific sounds in spoken words, the corresponding printed words will be easier to remember for reading and spelling. How? - Answer: this activate the final logical in orthographic processors. Phonological awareness - Answer: conscious awareness of all levels of speech sound system, including word boundaries, stress patterns, syllables, unset -rimes unit, and phonemes. Phonological processing - Answer: multiple functions of speech and language position in production, such as perceiving, interpreting, storing (remembering), recalling her retrieving, and generating the speech sound system of language. Phoneme - Answer: in any language, the smallest unit of sound used to build words. Phonemic awareness - Answer: conscious awareness that words are made up of segment of our own speech that are represented with letters in an orthopedic orthography. Phonology - Answer: the rule system in the language by which phones can be sequenced, combined, and pronounce to make words. Phonetics - Answer: the study of sounds of human speech; articulatory phonetics refers to the way the sounds are physically produced in the human vocal track. 2 | P a g e Phon - Answer: the greek root meaning vocal sound Voice, sound Phonological processor - Answer: allows us to perceive, remember, interpret, and produce the speech sound system of our language —— and learn the sounds of other languages. Phonological processor - Answer: analyzes the sounds so we can learn to associate phonemes with their written representations, also known as graphemes. The ability to perceive, produce, and manipulate individual speech sound, or phonemes - Answer: is a necessary prerequisite for the ability to read words Does it matter if a phoneme is made in the front, middle, or back of the mouth? - Answer: yes it does Grapheme - Answer: written representation of a speech sound Providing direct, detailed phonemic awareness is only necessary for students who struggle with reading. True or false - Answer: false All students need direct and detailed phonemic awareness Which of the following is necessary prerequisite to begin able to read words? A. Perceived individual speech sounds B. Produce individual speech sounds C. Manipulate individual speech sounds D. None of these - Answer: a. Perceived B. Produce C. Manipulate individual speech sounds Is it necessary the students know how speech sounds look and feel were in produce as well as how they sound. 3 | P a g e True or false - Answer: true Place of articulation - Answer: where we make the sound —-in the front of the mouth, the back, or in between. Manner of articulation - Answer: what we do with the lips, teeth, tongue, vocal cords, and airstream to produce sound. How many phonemes does english have? - Answer: between 40 and 44 phonemes How many consonant phonemes are in english? - Answer: 25 are constants phonemes Phonemes are altered due to: - Answer: coarticulation, or the smooshing together of sounds in words Assessing phonological skills is almost never appropriate after a child has completed first grade. True False - Answer: false Phonemic awareness is difficult to measure directly as an isolated skill. True False - Answer: true What features separate the past from other phonological skills assessments? Select all that apply. A. It can be successfully administered to preschool -age children. B. Automaticity is a factor in determining a student's score. C. It is much briefer and more convenient to administer than other phonological awareness assessments. D. The assessor gives corrective feedback if the student responds incorrectly. - Answer: b. Automaticity is a factor in determining a student's score. D. The assessor gives corrective feedback if the student responds incorrectly. Which kinds of tasks are the primary focus of phonological skills assessment in grades k -1? A. Counting and blending syllables 4 | P a g e B. Identification of onset sounds, alliteration, and rhyme C. Phoneme segmentation and blending D. Phoneme deletion, substitution, and reversal - Answer: c. Phoneme segmentation and blending Kelsey is in grade 2. Previously a strong reader, she has now fallen behind. She reads grade -level texts haltingly, struggling to recognize words with blends. Which phonological task would she likely struggle with? Select all that apply. A. "say rainbow. Now say rainbow but don't say rain.'" B. "say crate. Now say crate but don't say /k/." C. "say sun. Now say sun but instead of /s/, say /f/." D. "say bask. Now say bask but don't say /s/." - Answer: b. "say crate. Now say crate but don't say /k/." D. "say bask. Now say bask but don't say /s/." Phonological processing system - Answer: -front of brain -processes the sounds of speech Phonological processing - Answer: ability to discriminate and remember sounds within words -speech perception / production -phonological working memory -rapid automatic naming -phonological and phonemic awareness Phonological awareness - Answer: in addition to phonemic awareness, includes the ability to identify, count, and manipulate the parts of words, including syllables, onsets and rimes, and phonemes. Phoneme - Answer: in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit Phonemic awareness - Answer: the ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. -do not involve print Phonology - Answer: the study of speech sounds in language Phonetics - Answer: study of speech sounds Coarticulation - Answer: when phonemes are spoken together to produce syllables or words