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PUBH 302 Exam 1 (Dr. Montgomery)
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PUBH 302 Exam 1 (Dr. Montgomery)
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PUBH 302 Exam 1 (Dr. Montgomery)determinants of health - correct answer-underlying factors that bring about disease,
disability, and death; sometimes called the causes of causes; can be behavior, genetics,
geography, environment, medical care, socioeconomic, and cultural
what killed us back then - correct answer-TB
Gastroenteritis
Diphtheria
Polio
Influenza/Pneumonia
what kills us now - correct answer-Heart Disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, lower
respiratory disease
shift in causes of death - correct answer-from acute (infectious) to chronic disease; most
chronic health problems are preventable
levels of prevention - correct answer-primary, secondary, tertiary
primary prevention - correct answer-efforts that forestall onset of illness or injury before
evidence of symptoms begins ex. immunization and regular exercise
secondary prevention - correct answer-efforts that lead to early diagnosis and prompt
treatment to limit disability, impairment, dependency, or severity ex. breast self-examination
tertiary prevention - correct answer-efforts aimed at rehabilitation, treatment following
significant pathogenesis ex. stroke rehab programs
socio-ecological model of public health (bull's eye) - correct answer-micro- middle area of
individual behavior and traits such as age, sex, race, and biological factors, and biology of
the disease
next- social, family, and community networks
next- living and working conditions including psychosocial factors, employment status and
occupational factors, socioeconomic status, natural and built environments, and public
health care services
macro- outermost area of broad social, economic, cultural, health, and environmental
conditions and policies at the global, national, state, and local level
infant mortality - correct answer-death of an infant from the time of live birth to the age of 1
year, not including stillbirths
overall infant mortality = neonatal deaths + post neonatal deaths
, infant mortality is used to compare - correct answer-infant mortality is used to compare the
health and well-being of populations across and within countries; predicts the health of next
generation
infant mortality indicates - correct answer-health status of the population and predicts the
health of the next generation
risk factors that increase infant mortality - correct answer-low birth weight
premature birth
male infant
maternal age less than 15 or over 40
birth order (1st or after 5th)
marital status
US born
material smoking, drug use, etc.
poverty
nutritional status
prenatal care
top 5 causes of infant deaths in 2017 - correct answer-birth defects
preterm birth/ low birth weight
maternal pregnancy complications
SIDS
injuries
infant mortality trends - correct answer-infant mortality has declined and life expectancy at
birth has increased
highest rates in non-Hispanic Black women
ancient greece - correct answer-personal hygiene, physical fitness, naturalistic concept
(disease caused by imbalance between man and his environment)
Hippocrates - correct answer-father of Western medicine, causal relationships, coined the
term "epidemic"
Roman empire - correct answer-adopted Greek health values, engineers of sewage systems
and aqueducts, administration- public baths, water supply, markets paid by taxes
Middle (Dark) Ages - correct answer-shift away from Greek and Roman values; physical
body less important than spiritual self
decline of hygiene and sanitation, beginning of PH tools (quarantine of ships and isolation of
diseased individuals)
The Plague (black death) - correct answer-bubonic- flea bites
pneumonic- sneezing
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