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PUBH 302 Exam 1 Galloway
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PUBH 302 Exam 1 Gallowaydeterminants of health
risk factors, risk conditions
can be environmental, social & behavioral influences (not just indiv. influence)
4 Main Types:
•Heredity (16%)*
•Social/Physical Environment (22%)*
•Access to Health Care Services (8%)*
•Behavior (54%)*
risk factors
- set of common causes of death, disability, illness and injury
○ Ex: behavioral- smoking, poor diet, lack of PA, alcohol consumption
○ More likely to be under the control of individuals at risk
risk conditions
○ Ex: biological (age, sex, genetics), environmental, enforcement of policies
○ Less likely to be under the control of individuals
lifestyle
pattern of behavior; more complex, lifetime habits and social
circumstances
3 levels of prevention
**primary, secondary, tertiary**
primary prevention
**action taken to advert occurence of disease**
secondary prevention
**action taken to identify diseases at their earliest stages and to apply appropriate
treatments to limit their consequences and severity**
,Tetiary prevention
**specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their
diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent reoccurrence of disease**
Hippocrates
Father of Western Medicine
Causal relationships
● Disease and climate, water, lifestyle, nutrition
● Illness had a physical and rational explanation
***Coined the term "Epidemic"***
William Henry
*** 1628 theories of circulation
First to suggest reproduction via sperm and egg
Used dissection to create theories (no microscope) ***
Edward Jenner
1796 cowpox experiment
****Coined the term "Vaccine" (vacca- latin for cow)***
Dr. John Snow
-Physician and mathmetician
-Concerned about ***cholera outbreaks***
● ***Made careful observations of disease (who, where)***
● Developed a theory of the source of outbreak
- Basic epidemiology
Edwin Chadwick
**Published 3-volume "Survey into the Sanitation Condition of the Laboring Classes in GB"**
; Led to reforms in sanitation, healthcare and treatment of
poor/working classes; Appointed Sanitation Commissioner
Lemuel Shattuck
, **Developed plan that led to the establishment of Board of Health in Massachusetts**
First to identify major MA public health issues
● **Accurate keeping of health records and vital PH stats**
● **Sanitary inspection system**
● **Vaccination program**
Louis Pasteur
● **1862 germs caused many diseases**
● 1888 first public health lab
Robert Koch
● **1883 identified the vibrio that caused cholera**
● Discovered tuberculosis bacterium
C. Everett Koop
*FIRST SURGEON GENERAL*
Anti-tobacco campaign
● **Required rotating health warning labels**
● **Smoke free society by 2000**
● 8 reports on the health consequences of tobacco. **wrote nicotine was comparable to
heroin/cocaine addiction*. *made AIDs a priority to health during the 80s (sent pamphlet to
all Americans)**
Ancient Greece
- **Personal hygiene**
- **Physical fitness (olympics)**
**Naturalistic concept (disease by imbalance between man and his environment) **
Roman Empire
-Adopted Greek health values
-**Great engineers (sewage, aqueducts)**
**Administration collected taxes (public baths, water supply, markets) **
Middle Ages
-Shift away from Greek and Roman values
● Physical body less important than spiritual self
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