Exam (elaborations)
MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM||100% PASS
- Course
- MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY
- Institution
- Florida Southwestern State College
MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM||100% PASS
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MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM ||100% PASS MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM ||100% PASS 1. Define metabolism a. the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism 2. What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions? a. Catabolism i. The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones ii. Involves hydrolysis (adding water) 1. Adding water breaks open a chemical bond to create multiple products in the end iii. Exergonic – produce more energy than they consume 1. Ex= think of exiting releasing energy in the process b. Anabolism i. The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones ii. Involves dehydration synthesis (pulls all the water) iii. Endergonic – consume more energy than they produce 1. En= entering Endes in “ase” typically stands 4 it’s an enzyme 3. What are the factors that influence enzymatic activity and their characteristics? a. Temperature i. Increases speed up reactions ii. Increase in temperature, increase in movement iii. Beyond the optimum temperature will reduce the rate of reaction iv. denaturation: the loss of characteristic 3D shape 1. Not reversible 2. Denatures happens at the end of the graph b. pH – i. above or below optimum pH activity decreases (may lead to denaturation) 1. denatures at both points, 2. even curved bell shaped 3. if the environment changes, we won’t see destruction in the protein n the protein can be saved c. Substrate concentration i. increases reaction rate until saturation (all enzymes’ active sites are reacting with a substrate) 1. will increase up, all the way to the point of saturation 2. every enzyme is already active 3. good if you have enough in the environment to speed it up 4. every enzyme is already active, will increase, can’t make it higher just because I give it more to react with MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM ||100% PASS 5. 1 enzyme will react with a 1 substrate, all enzymes are active d. Presence or absence of inhibitors = 2 types 1. Competitive ii. Fill the active site and compete with the substrate , but no products are produced iii. Can bind irreversibly or reversibly a. can be permanent or reversible 2. Noncompetitive iv. Interact with an allosteric (alternate) causing the active site to change shape v. Reversible or irreversible 4. What are the two processes microorganisms use to produce energy from glucose and their characteristics? 1. Cellular Respiration 2. Fermentation 5. Understand the basic characteristics of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in prokaryotic aerobic respiration. 6. Kreb’s cycle - Also called the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or citric acid cycle a. The idea is we’re gonna take pyruvic acid that we got out of glycolysis b. Begin the breakdown of that 3 carbon compound and create COA c. 6 carbon glucose, break it into 3 carbon pyruvic acid, break another carbon off to make a 2 carbon compound in the cetocarbonate then rebuild it back to a 6 carbon cell electron transport chain d. Consists of a sequence of carrier molecules capable of oxidation and reduction i. Series of oxidation and reduction chains e. Occurs in the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells f. Three classes of carrier molecules – i. Flavoprotein ii. cytochromes iii. ubiquinones or coenzyme Q g. 7. What are the general characteristics of fermentation, lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation? a. Fermentation i. Take Pyruvic acid and convert it ii. Doesn’t require oxygen iii. Gonna get a small amount of ATP MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM ||100% PASS 1. Alcohol fermentation 2. Glycolysis is the first phase 3. Two molecules of pyruvic acid form two molecules of acetaldehyde and two molecules of CO 2 4. Two molecules of acetaldehyde are reduced to form two molecules of ethanol as the end product 5. Low-energy -yield as most remains in the ethanol 6. Lactic acid fermentation a. Glycolysis is the first phase (bg b. Two molecules of pyruvic acid form two molecules of lactic acid as the end product c. Most of the energy remains stored in the lactic acid 7. How can photosynthesis occur in bacteria? Two general equations ◦ Plants, algae and cyanobacteria – 6CO 2 + 12H 2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H 2O + 6O 2 ◦ Purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria – 6CO 2 + 12H 2S + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H 2O + 12S Uses Hydrogen Sulfide and produces sulfur instead of oxygen 8. Define phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, heterotrophs, photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs a. Phototrophs(light) – use light as their primary energy sourceThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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