WKU Nursing Med Surg Exam 2024| Questions with 100% Correct Answers (A Rated)
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Course
WKU Nursing
Institution
WKU Nursing
What origin, metabolic or respiratory do the lungs compensate for in acid-base imbalances?
- ANSWER Metabolic
What is the normal paCO2 levels? - ANSWER 25-45 mmHg
What is the normal HCO3 levels? - ANSWER 22-26 mEq/L
What are causes of acidosis? - ANSWER DKA
WKU Nursing Med Surg Exam 2024| Questions with 100% Correct Answers (A Rated) What origin, metabolic or respiratory do the lungs compensate for in acid -base imbalances? - ANSWER Metabolic What is the normal paCO2 levels? - ANSWER 25 -45 mmHg What is the normal HCO3 levels? - ANSWER 22 -26 mEq/L What are causes of acidosis? - ANSWER DKA Shock Sepsis Renal failure Diarrhea Salicylates (aspirin) What are causes of alkalosis? - ANSWER CI depletion (vomiting, prolonged nasogastric suctioning) Cushing's syndrome K+ deficiency Massive blood transfusi ons Ingestion of antacids What are symptoms of metabolic acidosis? - ANSWER Headache Decreased BP Hyperkalemia Muscle twitching Warm, flushed skin Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Changes in LOC (confusion, increased drowsiness) Kussmaul respirations (compensatory hyperventilation) Think lower torso symptoms What are the symptoms of metabolic alkalosis? - ANSWER Restlessness followed by lethargy Dysrhythmias (Tachycardia) Compensatory hypoventilation Confusion (Decreased LOC, dizzy, irritable) Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea What are the symptoms of respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER Hypoventilation - hypoxia Dyspnea Headache Hyperkalemia Dysrhythmias (increased K) Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation Muscle weakness and Hyperreflexia What are the symptoms of respiratory alkalosis? - ANSWER Seizures Deep, rapid breathing Hyperventilation Tachycardia Decreased or normal BP Hypokalemia Numbness and tingling of extremities Lethargy and confusion Light headedness Nausea, vomiting What are the two main compartments that water is divided into? - ANSWER Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid What is the fluid outside the cells called? - ANSWER Extracellular fluid What is the fluid inside the cells called? - ANSWER Intracellular fl uid What does extracellular fluid include? - ANSWER Interstitial fluid Blood Lymph Bone Connective tissue water Transcellular fluid What does transcellular fluid include? - ANSWER Cereebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid Peritoneal fluid Pleaural fluid What is about 25L or two thirds of total body water? - ANSWER Intracellular fluid What are body fluids composed of? - ANSWER Water and particles dissolved or suspended in water What is the water portion of fluids? - ANSWER Solvent What a re the particles dissolved or suspended in water? - ANSWER Solutes What are solutes that express an overall electrical charge? - ANSWER Electrolytes What are the three processes that control fluid and electrolyte balance? - ANSWER Filtration Diffusi on Osmosis What is an example of hydrostatic filtering force? - ANSWER Blood pressure What is the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of water pressure differences on both sides of the membrane? - ANSWER Filtration What is the movement of particles (solute) across a permeable membrane from an area of higher particle concentration to an area of lower particle concentration? - ANSWER Diffusion What is diffusion across a cell membrane that requires a membrane -altering system? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion What is the movement of water only through a selectively permeable membrane? - ANSWER Osmosis What is the reference rage for sodium? - ANSWER 136 -145
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