XI_Zoology _ New Chap-19 _ Chemical Coordination and Integration (Assertion and Reason Statements)
[Incorrect statements are coloured RED]
1. Assertion: The hypothalamus plays a key role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of
pituitary hormones. Reason: The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones
that affect the secretion of pituitary hormones.
2. Assertion: Exophthalmic goiter is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland and
protrusion of the eyeballs. Reason: Exophthalmic goiter results from the over-secretion of
thyroid hormones, leading to increased metabolic rate.
3. Assertion: Adrenaline and noradrenaline are often referred to as "emergency hormones" or
"hormones of Fight or Flight." Reason: These hormones are released rapidly in response to
stress or emergencies and affect various bodily functions.
4. Assertion: Estrogen is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sex
characteristics. Reason: Estrogen is a female sex hormone that regulates the growth and
functions of female secondary sex organs.
5. Assertion: The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney produce erythropoietin, which stimulates
erythropoiesis. Reason: Erythropoietin is essential for the formation of red blood cells and is
produced in response to low blood oxygen levels.
6. Assertion: Insulin and glucagon both play important roles in regulating blood glucose levels.
Reason: Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake, while glucagon
increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis.
7. Assertion: Hormones interacting with membrane-bound receptors enter the target cell to
regulate gene expression. Reason: Steroid hormones and iodothyronines typically interact
with intracellular receptors to affect gene expression and chromosome function.
8. Assertion: Prolactin stimulates the growth of the mammary glands and milk formation in
females. Reason: Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a
crucial role in lactation in females.
9. Assertion: Hyperthyroidism can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, lethargy, and cold
intolerance. Reason: Hyperthyroidism results from excessive secretion of thyroid hormones
and can lead to a variety of metabolic and physiological disturbances.
10. Assertion: PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases blood calcium levels. Reason:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on bones, renal tubules, and the digestive system to
maintain calcium balance in the body.
11. Assertion: The thymus gland plays a significant role in providing humoral immunity. Reason:
Thymosins secreted by the thymus promote the production of antibodies to support the
immune response.
12. Assertion: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates the reabsorption of calcium by renal
tubules. Reason: PTH is a hypercalcemic hormone that acts on the kidneys to prevent
calcium loss in the urine.
13. Assertion: Cortisol is involved in maintaining the cardiovascular system and kidney functions.
Reason: Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, influence the heart, blood vessels, and the renal
system in the body.
14. Assertion: The pineal gland regulates the 24-hour rhythm of our body. Reason: Melatonin
secreted by the pineal gland helps maintain normal sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, and
other physiological rhythms.
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, XI_Zoology _ New Chap-19 _ Chemical Coordination and Integration (Assertion and Reason Statements)
[Incorrect statements are coloured RED]
15. Assertion: Insulin and glucagon are both produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas.
Reason: Insulin is produced by beta cells, while glucagon is produced by alpha cells in the
Islets of Langerhans.
16. Assertion: The primary role of androgens is to stimulate the formation of female secondary
sex characteristics. Reason: Androgens, such as testosterone, primarily influence male
secondary sex characteristics and sexual behavior.
17. Assertion: The adrenal cortex secretes a hormone called aldosterone, which regulates blood
calcium levels. Reason: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that mainly influences
electrolyte and fluid balance, not calcium levels.
18. Assertion: Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), stimulates water
resorption in the kidneys. Reason: ADH helps the kidneys conserve water and reduce water
loss through urine, regulating body fluid balance.
19. Assertion: Parathyroid glands are located on the ventral side of the trachea. Reason:
Parathyroid glands are positioned behind the thyroid gland and are responsible for calcium
homeostasis.
20. Assertion: The main function of the posterior pituitary is to store and release hormones such
as oxytocin and vasopressin. Reason: The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones
produced by the hypothalamus, including oxytocin and vasopressin.
21. Assertion: Estrogens stimulate the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
Reason: Estrogens promote the growth of breast tissues and influence the distribution of body
fat in females.
22. Assertion: Melatonin secretion by the pineal gland is regulated by exposure to light. Reason:
Melatonin levels increase in darkness, signaling the body that it's time to sleep, and decrease
in response to light exposure.
23. Assertion: The adrenal medulla releases adrenaline in response to stress, preparing the body
for a fight-or-flight response. Reason: Adrenaline increases heart rate and redirects blood flow
to vital organs, enhancing the body's ability to respond to threats.
24. Assertion: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis and release of
gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. Reason: GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary to
regulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
25. Assertion: Glucagon and insulin work together to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body.
Reason: Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis, while insulin
lowers blood glucose levels by enhancing cellular glucose uptake.
26. Assertion: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) indirectly increases calcium absorption in the
intestines. Reason: PTH stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to its active form, which,
in turn, enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.
27. Assertion: The hypothalamus releases inhibiting hormones to regulate the secretion of
anterior pituitary hormones. Reason: Inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus suppress the
synthesis and release of specific hormones from the anterior pituitary gland.
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